Review Articles

About Authors:
Patel Chirag J^*1, Prof. Satyanand Tyagi², Patel Pinkesh¹, Umesh Kumar¹, Patel Jaimin¹, Chaudhari Bharat^1
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
*Mr. Chirag Patel has published various Books, Research and Review articles. His academic works include 35 Publications (2 books was published in Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany & 8 Research Articles and 25 Review Articles was published in standard and reputed National and International Pharmacy journals)
²President & Founder, Tyagi Pharmacy Association (TPA) & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
*chirag.bangalore@gmail.com, +91-8000501871

ABSTRACT:
Transdermal drug delivery system is a type of convenient drug delivery system where drug goes to the systemic circulation through the protective barrier i.e. Skin. Skin acts as a major target as well as a principal barrier for topical / transdermal drug delivery. Vesicular system is one of the most controversial methods for transdermal delivery of active substances in that ethosome are the ethanolic phospholipids vesicles which are used mainly for transdermal delivery of drugs.  Ethosomes have higher penetration rate through the skin as compared to liposomes hence these can be used widely in place of liposomes. The increased permeation of ethosomes is probably due to its ethanolic content. Ethanol increases the cell membrane lipid fluidity which results in increased skin penetrability of the ethosomes. These ethosomes permeates inside the skin and fuse with cell membrane lipids and release the drug. Hot and cold methods are used for formulation of ethosomes. Characterizations of ethosomesinclude Particle size, Zeta potential, Differential Scanning Calorimertry (DSC),Entrapment efficiency, Surface tension activity measurement, Vesicle stabilityand Penetration Studiesetc.

About Authors:
Patel Pinkesh^*1, Patel Chirag J¹, Prof. Satyanand Tyagi², Umesh Kumar¹, Patel Jaimin¹, Chaudhari Bharat^1
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
²President & Founder, Tyagi Pharmacy Association (TPA) & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
*pinkesh.patan@yahoo.com, +91-8866436904

ABSTRACT:
In the last decade, interest in developing a combination of two or more Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) in a single dosage form (bilayer tablet) has increased in the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmacokinetic profile relies on the fact that the fast release layer provide the loading dose of drug and the sustained release of drug maintain the drug concentration within therapeutic window for longer period of time. Bilayer tablets offer definite advantages over conventional release formulation of the same drug. Now a day, several pharmaceutical companies are developing bilayer tablet for co-administration of drugs to improve the therapeutic efficacy as well as to reduce the chances of drug-drug interaction.

About Authors:
N. Balakrishnan*, Mayank Srivastava, Pallavi Tiwari
Department of Pharmacognosy,
Technocrats Institute of Technology-Pharmacy,
Bhopal-462021(MP), India.
*pharmacobala@gmail.com

Abstract
Medicinal plants have main and cheap source of unique phytoconstituents, they are used extensively in the development of new drugs against various diseases and disorders. The 80% of world population especially in the developing countries relies on the traditional system of medicine for primary choice to treat diseases. Trewia nudiflora Linnbelongs to the family Euphorbiaceae and is one of the important medicinal plant in Indian systems of medicine like Ayurveda, Siddha,etc. It is used as stomachic and alterative in flatulence, gout, rheumatism and malignancy especially leukemia and hepato- biliary affections etc.  The decoction of shoots and leaves of Trewia nudiflora is used to treat excessive bile and sputum. The leaves are applied on wounds to heal them with good efficiency. It contains a pyridine alkaloid, N-methyl-5-carboxamide-2-pyridone. Hence,an attempt has been made in this review paper to explore various phytochemical and pharmacological studies carried out on this plant.

[adsense:336x280:8701650588]

About Authors:
Kambham Venkateswarlu
Graduate Student
Sri Lakshmi Narasimha College of Pharmacy, Palluru,
Gudipala Mandal Chittoor-517132, Andhra Pradesh, India.
k.v.reddy9441701016@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
In recent times, focus on plant research has increased all over the world and a large body of evidence has collected to show immense potential of medicinal plants used in various traditional systems. Over the last few years, rehears have aimed at identifying and validating plant derived substances for the treatment of various diseases. Similarly it has been already proved that various parts of plants such as Leafs, fruits, seeds etc. provide health and nutrition promoting compounds in human diet. The Bael (Aegle Marmelos) (L) Corr) is another Indian plant, which has enormous traditional uses against various diseases. The present review aims to compile medicinal values of Aegle Marmelos generated through the research activity using modern scientific approaches and innovative scientific tools.
It is called 'Shivadurme', the tree of Shiva, and is one of the sacred trees of the Hindus. Leaves are offered in prayers to Shiva and Parvathi since ancient times.

About Author:
Sharad kumar awasthi
Shri Ram Institute Of Technology,
Jabalpur (M.P.) 482002.
Sharad20n@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Thespesia populnia seeds were dried and then grinded to obtain fine powder. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts and etheral extract of thespesia seeds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against E.coli, B.subtilis with the comparison control (Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin) for bacteria. The extract showed good inhibitory activity on the microbes.

About Authors:
C.P.Meher
Asst. Professor
Maheshwara Institute of  Pharmacy,
Chitkul, Patancheru, Medak, A.P
chaitanyameher84@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Pyrazole, a 5-membered heterocyclic diazole alkaloid composed of three carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms in adjacent positions, is a prevalent scaffold in drug discovery programs. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of diverse pharmacological activities of pyrazole moiety.This review highlighted recent reports of antimicrobial, anticancer, ACE inhibitory, antiviral as well as anti-inflammatory activities of pyrazole. The purpose of this review was to collate literature work reported by researchers on pyrazole for their varoius pharmacological activities and also reported recent efforts made on this moiety.

About Authors:
C.P.Meher*, D.V.Charan, S.P.Sethy
Asst. Professor
Maheshwara Institute of  Pharmacy,
Chitkul, Patancheru, Medak, A.P
*chaitanyameher84@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Heterocyclic chemistry is the branch of chemistry dealing with structure,synthesis, properties, and applications of heterocycles. heterocyclic compounds may be inorganic, most contain at least one carbon. Since in organic chemistry non-carbons usually are considered to replace carbon atoms, they are called heteroatoms, meaning 'different from carbon and hydrogen' (rings of heteroatoms of the same element are homocyclic). The IUPAC recommends the Hantzsch-Widman nomenclature for naming heterocyclic compounds.The present review article is based on the condenced heterocyclic system quinoline derivatives with their tremendous pharmacological activities.

About Authors:
Mohd Farhan
Department of Pharmacology,
Vidyabharti college of pharmacy
Amravati.
farhan.pharma66@gmail.com

Abstract:
The herbal medicine are in the great demand in the developed as well as developing countries for primary health care because of their large biological activities, higher safety margin and lesser cost. one of the common traditional herbal drug is Emblica officinalis, commonly known as Amla, is a member of a small genus Emblica (Euphorbiaceae). It grows in tropical and subtropical parts of China, India, Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula. All parts of the plant are used for medicinal purpose. The fresh (or) the dry fruit is used in traditional medicines for the treatment of diarrhoea, jaundice and inflammations. The pulp of the fruit is smeared on the head to dispel headache and dizziness Emblica officinalis leaves and fruit have been used for fever and inflammatory treatments by rural populations in its growing areas. The earlier study have demonstrated potent anti-microbial, adaptogenic, hepatoprotective, anti-tumour and anti-ulcerogenic activities in the fruits of Emblica officinalis. Leaf extracts have been shown to posses anti- inflammatory activity. vitamin C, tannins and flavanoids present in amla have very powerfull antioxidant activity. Due to rich in vitamin C amla is successfully use in the treatment of human scurvy.