About Authors:
C.P.Meher*, D.V.Charan, S.P.Sethy
Asst. Professor
Maheshwara Institute of Pharmacy,
Chitkul, Patancheru, Medak, A.P
*chaitanyameher84@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Heterocyclic chemistry is the branch of chemistry dealing with structure,synthesis, properties, and applications of heterocycles. heterocyclic compounds may be inorganic, most contain at least one carbon. Since in organic chemistry non-carbons usually are considered to replace carbon atoms, they are called heteroatoms, meaning 'different from carbon and hydrogen' (rings of heteroatoms of the same element are homocyclic). The IUPAC recommends the Hantzsch-Widman nomenclature for naming heterocyclic compounds.The present review article is based on the condenced heterocyclic system quinoline derivatives with their tremendous pharmacological activities.
Reference Id: PHARMATUTOR-ART-1558
INTRODUCTION
Quinoline is the condenced heterocyclic system.They are also termed as benzopyridines because it having fused benzene and pyridine rings. they are aromatic compounds. Quinoline is monoacidic tertiary bases and failed to react with nitrous acid but consume only one mole of alkyl halide to yield quaternary, ammonium salts. Quinolineis a heterocyclicaromatic organic compoundwith the chemical formula C9H7N. It is a colorless hygroscopic liquid with a strong odor. Aged samples, if exposed to light, become yellow and later brown. Quinoline is only slightly soluble in cold water but dissolves readily in hot water and most organic solvents. Quinoline itself has few application, but many of its derivatives are useful in diverse applications. A prominent example is quinine, which is found naturally in plants as alkaloids. 4-Hydroxy-2-alkylquinolines(HAQs) are involved in antibiotic resistance.Quinoline derivatives represent the major class of heterocycles, and a number of preparations have been known since the late 1800s. The quinoline ring system occurs in various natural products, especially in alkaloids. The quinoline skeleton is often used for the design of many synthetic compounds with diverse pharmacological properties. In 1820, quinine was isolated as the active ingredient from the bark of Cinchona trees and successively replaced the crude bark for the treatment of malaria. Despite its relatively low efficacy and tolerability, quinine still plays an important role in the treatment of multiresistant malaria. This molecule has also played a historical role in organic chemistry as a target for structural determination and total synthesis , and recently both stereoselective and enantioselective total syntheses.
The quinoline ring system is found in medicinal plant alkaloids and constitutes a key structural component of pharmaceuticals, agrochemical, dyestuffs, and materials. Because of its unique pharmaceutical importance, a continuous development in the synthesis of new quinoline derivatives is a growing area research. An impressively diverse range of efficient quinoline synthesis based on new metal-catalyzed coupling cyclizations or acid catalyzed cycloaddition of appropriate precursors have been developed during past years that proves practical importance of this heterocyclic system. However, having a plethora of new synthetic methods for preparing quinoline derivatives including classical syntheses, a clean, efficient, large-scale and cheap technology is still needed to obtain useful polyfuntionalizated quinolines . some of the important important properties of quinoline is given below in table-1
Table-1
Sources of quinoline include petroleum, coal processing, wood preservation, production and use facilities, and shale oil . It is used as an intermediate in the production of various compounds including 8-hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyquinoline sulfate, and copper-8- hydroxyquinolate. Quinoline is also a solvent for resins and terpenes, and is used in the production of paints. Because of its strong absorption of light wavelengths >290 nm, quinoline has the potential for direct photolysis in the atmosphere. Removal from the atmosphere can occur via wet and dry deposition.
Postulated metabolic pathway for detoxification and activation of quinoline
Quinoline shows a wide spectrum of biological activity. Alteration in the qunoline has numerous biological activity. Some of the marketed drugs & drugs under investigation are listed on on table-2.
Table-2
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CONCLUSION
The reviewed quinoline moiety has shown a wide spectrum of biological activities. The various substituted quinoline are having significant antipsychotic activity, Significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and anti tumor activity, is displayed by some effective substituted quinoline derivative which presently leading drug in the market in entire. some modified quinoline are found to to be effective as anti malarial, anxiolytic whereas some of the derivatives of quinoline are under investigation for the treatment of cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .some of the important marketed quinoline nucleus containing drug having different biological or pharmacological activity were discussed in table. The quinoline nucleus based pharmaceutical are rapidly becoming very important class of therapeutic agents and are likely to replace many existing organic based pharmaceuticals in the very near future. The quinoline based pharmaceuticals will be produced on a large scale by modern drug discovery company by different research development processes and will become available commercially for therapeutic use. With the key benefits including favorable time to market and high rate of success in clinical trial compared with traditional pharmaceuticals due to diverse biological action with less toxicity, so in future therapeutic quinoline drug will play a vital role in the treatment of different diseases. The biological profiles of this new generation of quinoline represent much progress with regard to the older compounds.
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