Review Articles

About Authors:
Ajay Kumar^*1, Dr. Bharat Prashar², Robin Sharma^1
1M. Pharm (Pharmacology)
²Head of Pharmacy Department
Manav Bharti University, Solan.
*ajaykumarsharma423@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, primarily manifesting as a loss of memory in old aged people. In this disease the destruction of neurons in the cortex and limbic structures of the CNS occurs, particularly in basal forebrain, amygdala, hippocampus, cerebral cortex.  These areas are associated with functions of higher learning, memory, reasoning, behaviour, identification, an emotional control in brain. Alzheimer's disease is a devastating disease whose recent increase in incidence rates has broad implications for rising health care costs. Clinically, patients initially present with short-term memory loss, subsequently followed by executive dysfunction, confusion, agitation, and behavioural disturbances. This review comprises aspects of the introduction, history, types, etiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms of neurological pathways of Alzheimer’s disease and the drug treatments and their target site.

About Authors:
Swathi sree Karumuri^*, Venkata Naveen Kasagana
Department of Pharmaceutics,
Sankaralingam Bhuvaneswari College of Pharmacy, Anaikuttam,
Sivakasi - 626 130, Tamilnadu, India
*swathi.karumuri2011@gmail.com

Abstract:
New drugs pursuing novel delivery technologies with the objective of improving drug safety, efficacy and site Targeting in a cost effective way has been a challenging area of work for researchers. Their eminent work in the field of Novel technology has introduced many drug delivery methods to fulfil the requirements of pharmaceutical manufacturers and customers. Multiunit particulate systems (MUPS) are novel MDDS techniques that have gained importance, not only because of their ability to control drug release, but also for the modified drug-release profiles they facilitate. Similarly Acoustic targeted drug delivery (ATDD) is a method that uses ultrasound energy to enhance the transport of molecules into and/or across specific tissues. P.L.E.A.S.E. (Painless Laser Epidermal System) is a transdermal delivery device that uses a special laser source to create micro pores in the skin through which high molecular weight drugs are delivered painlessly in a highly controlled and accurate fashion. Oral delivery of insulin with increased lipophilicity across the gastrointestinal epithelium by the application of Eligen technology. Development of nanorobots with biosensors for medical target identification and drug delivery plays a prominent role in the diagnosis and treatment of Diseases. Gene delivery technology that turn off or on gene responsible for causing diseases like cancer and diabetes. The present article describes how Novel Drug delivery fulfils the Patient Needs on a Global Level and forms a key technology in the field of pharmaceuticals.

About Authors:
Venkata Naveen Kasagana*, Swathi sree Karumuri
Department of Pharmaceutics
Sankaralingam Bhuvaneswari College of Pharmacy, Anaikuttam,
Sivakasi - 626 130, Tamilnadu, India.
*naveen.kasagana@gmail.com

Abstract:
In the recent past global pharmaceutical markets has involved in developing the new Novel and Advanced drug delivery systems in a safe & cost effective manner. This resulted in the introduction of a variety of Controlled and Targeted drug delivery methods with ease of administration and patient compliance. The transition that took place by the introduction of nano technology in the field of pharmacy leads to the development of many intelligent drug delivery systems like Nano Beacon and Mini Beacons, Trojan horse Nano particles, MEMS & NEMS (Micro and Nano Electromechanical Systems). Cochleate delivery vehicles “A novel lipid-based system” represent a unique technology platform for oral and systemic delivery of drugs. BEMA (Bio Erodible Muco Adhesive Disc) drug delivery technology for prolonged acting action has contribution to the novel approach. Also a much awaited Non-injected insulin formulation “Nasal Insulin spray”, as a vaccine and also in the treatment of Type-II diabetes, provided a shift in the development of drug delivery systems. Duocap (Capsule-in-a-capsule), Electro capsule, Light up delivery monitoring technology (LDMT) are some of the controlled & targeted oral drug delivery systems, which provides a new way of formulating poorly soluble compounds and monitor the release rate of the drug. Apart from briefly describing the above technologies, the article includes the upcoming system of using Air as a barrier for Controlled release and application of medical devices as drug and their contribution to the World of pharmacy.

About Authors:
Satyanand tyagi^*, Raghvendra¹
*President, Tyagi Pharmacy Association & Scientific Writer,
Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
Prof. Satyanand Tyagi is a life time member of various pharmacy professional bodies like IPA, APTI and IPGA. He has published various research papers and review articles. His academic works include 45 Publications (37 Review Articles and 08 Research Articles of Pharmaceutical, Medicinal and Clinical Importance, published in standard and reputed National and International Pharmacy journals; Out of 45 publications, 10 are International Publications).
¹Department of Pharmaceutics, Aligarh College of Pharmacy,
Aligarh, U.P, India-202001.
*sntyagi9@yahoo.com, +91-9871111375 / 9582025220

ABSTRACT
Tak-875, a new treatment for type-2 diabetes, improves blood sugar control and is equally effective as glimepiride (Sulfonylurea, oral hypoglycaemic agent), but has a significantly lower risk of hypoglycaemia, according to a new study. It works by boosting the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells when glucose and fatty acids rise in the blood, such as after a meal, which results in a fall in blood glucose levels. TAK-875 is a novel oral medication designed to enhance insulin secretion in a glucose dependent manner, which means that it has no effect on insulin secretion when glucose levels are normal, and as such has the potential to improve the control of blood sugar levels without the risk of hypoglycaemia. The pill belongs to a new class of treatments called GPR40 agonists, which activate a receptor that stimulates and regulates insulin production. New treatments are needed because of “the expected increase in the number of cases of Type 2 diabetes during the next few decades” and because some current drugs have “insufficient effect,” the researchers, led by Charles Burant at the University of Michigan Medical School, wrote in the study. Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1), also known as G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), plays a vital role in stimulating and regulating the production of insulin. It works by boosting the release of insulin from pancreatic β-cells when glucose and fatty acids rise in the blood, such as after a meal. The release of insulin results in a fall in blood glucose levels. Drugs that activate the FFAR1 receptor have the potential to help diabetics release more insulin and improve control of blood glucose levels. This article gives an overview about this newly introduced drug TAK-875 and its role in treatment for type-2 diabetes.

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About Authors:
Ms.Pratibha Chohan*, Mr.Prashant Mutha
B.Pharmacy, G. D. Memorial College of Pharmacy, Jodhpur.
*pmuthabiotech@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Brain is tightly segregated from the circulating blood by a unique membranous barrier, the blood – brain barrier (BBB). Many pharmaceuticals cannot be efficiently delivered to, or sustained within the brain; hence they are ineffective in treating a plethora of cerebral diseases. Therefore, drug delivery methods that can provide drug delivery to brain or eventually preferential brain delivery (i.e. brain targeting) are of particular interest. One technique that holds promise for bypassing the BBB to deliver drugs to the brain and eliminating the surgical risk and the spillover effect of drug to normal tissue is the intranasal delivery.

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About Authors:
AMOL D.GHOLAP^*1, DATTATRAY TUPE^2
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Vamanrao Ithape D. Pharmacy College,
Velhale, Tal- Sangamner, Dist- Ahmednagar, MS-422605, India.
²Department of Regulatory Affairs, Lupin Limited,
Kalina, Santakruz (E), Mumbai, MS, India-400098.
*amolgholap16@yahoo.com

Abstract
The several evolutions in the field of medicine develop different cellular mechanisms for striking along with entering the target cells with efficiency. The utilization of recombinenet adenovirus as carriers for cDNA induces dose along with therapy limiting of defense mechanisms. Artificial viral envelopes (AVE) are lipid vesicles which mimic with fusogenic envelop of retrovirus to utilize as target selectivity along with efficiency of delivery of viruses. The major component of AVE includes phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyiserine along with sphingomyelins. The negative charge is present on AVE’s help them for targeting the moieties such as viral binding proteins. The artificial viral envelopes show potential applications in plasmid delivery.

About Authors:
AMOL D.GHOLAP^*1, DATTATRAY TUPE^2
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Vamanrao Ithape D. Pharmacy College, Velhale, Tal- Sangamner, Dist- Ahmednagar, MS-422605, India.
² Department of Regulatory Affairs, Lupin Limited, Kalina,
Santakruz (E), Mumbai, MS, India-400098.
*amolgholap16@yahoo.com

Abstracts
There are several newer lipid based systems are evoked and utilized now a days as dryg delivery systems like liposomes, transferosomes, ethosomes etc which provides effective solutions for problem regarding insolubility, instability, rapid degradation along with has wide application in the specialized area consisting protein delivery, targeting to the brain, and tumor targeting. This lipid based systems also utilized in for gene delivery with efficient performance while in this field the colloidosomes evoked as potential tool based on the vascular drug delivery system. There are several applications of vascular systems are present including reduction in the cost of therapy via improved bioavailability of medication generally in the case of poorly soluble drugs. The colloidosomes have several beneficial advantages like greater encapsulation efficiency with wide control on the size along with permeability and compatibility. The colloidosomes also have effective mechanical strength.

About Authors:
Kapil Sharma^*1, Subhash Gupta^2
1Yaresun Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd.,India.
²Oasis test house ltd.jaipur-302006,rajasthan,india.
*pharma_kapil@rediffmail.com

INTRODUCTION
Most of the manufacturing industries rely upon both qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis to ensure that the raw material used meet certain specification, and also to check quality of the final product. The unwanted compound may be harmful to manufacturing process or may appear as a harmful impurity in the final product.¹

A quantitative analysis is performed to establish the proportion of the essential component in the raw material. The final manufactured product is analyzed to ensure that its essential component is present within a predetermined range of composition and impurities do not exceed certain specified limit.