Pharmaceutics Articles

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1 November 2012

FORMULATING AND EVALUATING METFORMIN MICROSPHERES OF ETHYL CELLULOSE

About Authors:
Hitesh Chopra*
A.S.B.A.S.J.S.M. College Of Pharmacy Bela Ropar.
chopraontheride@gmail.com

Abstract
The first and the second generation type of dosage forms had been found to have lower efficacy of drug reaching to the targeted tissue this lead to need for third generation drug delivery system which contains the liposomes, microspheres, microcapsules, nanodiamonds etc. with these type of drug delivery system it had been found to have better patient compliance and reduced side effects. The present paper deals with the same as there is first formation of Metformin double emulsion and then precipitation of the drug from the polymeric solution. In this study challenge was to encapsulate Metformin with high entrapment efficiency by w/o/o double emulsion solvent diffusion technique using non-aqueous processing media. The primary requirement of this method to obtain microsphere is that selected solvent for polymer must be immiscible with non aqueous processing media, so to fulfill the requirement.
31 October 2012

QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF WASTE AND SCRAP DISPOSAL

About Authors:
Sahil Jasuja¹*, Mahesh Kumar Kataria¹
1 Department of Quality Assurance,
Seth G.L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical education (Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research),
Sri Ganganagar, (Raj.), India.
*sahiljasuja@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT
Regulatory involvement and environmental concerns are causing pharmacists to take a closer look at how their organizations are managing pharmaceutical waste. Each organization should evaluate its current waste management practices in comparison with state regulatory guidelines. Organizations must then develop a comprehensive plan for full compliance through segregation of waste into the appropriate waste streams. The discovery of a variety of pharmaceuticals in surface, ground, and drinking waters around the country is raising concerns about the potentially adverse environmental consequences of these contaminants. Pharmaceutical waste is not one single waste stream, but many distinct waste streams that reflect the complexity and diversity of the chemicals that comprise pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutical waste is potentially generated through a wide variety of activities in a health care facility, including but not limited to intravenous (IV) preparation, general compounding, spills/breakage, partially used vials, syringes, and IVs, discontinued, unused preparations, unused unit dose repacks, patients’ personal medications and outdated pharmaceuticals. The consistent increase in the use of potent pharmaceuticals, driven by both drug development and our aging population, is creating a corresponding increase in the amount of pharmaceutical waste generated.
28 October 2012

REGISTRATION DOSSIER OF PHARMACEUTICALS

About Authors:
Apeksha Gupta
Maharshi Dayanand University,
Rohtak, India.
apekshagupta87@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The word “Dossier” has its English meaning as - a collection or file of documents on the same subject, especially a file containing detailed information about a person or a topic. Any preparation for human use that is intended to modify or explore physiological systems or pathological states for the benefit of the recipient is called as “pharmaceutical product for human use”. Process of reviewing and assessing the dossier of a pharmaceutical product containing its detailed data (administrative, chemistry, pre-clinical and clinical) and the permission granted by the Regulatory Agencies of a country with a view to support its marketing / approval in a country is called as the “Marketing Approval or the “Registration” “Marketing Authorization” or the “Product Licensing”.
“Registration Dossier” of the pharmaceutical product is a document that contains all the technical data (administrative, quality, nonclinical and clinical) of a pharmaceutical product to be approved / registered / marketed in a country. It is more commonly called as the New Drug Application (NDA) in the USA or Marketing Authorization Application (MAA) in the European Union (EU) and other countries, or simply Registration Dossier. Basically, this consists of data proving that the drug has quality, efficacy and safety properties suitable for the intended use, additional administrative documents, samples of finished product or related substances and reagents necessary to perform analyzes of finished product. Therefore, they are the vehicle in a country through which drug sponsors formally propose that the Regulatory Agencies approve a new pharmaceutical for sale and marketing.

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28 October 2012

A REVIEW ON: AEGLE MARMELOS

About Authors:
Kishan Singh *, Krishn Kumar Agrawal
Institute of Pharmaceutical Research GLA University,
Mathura-281403 (U.P.) India.
*kishan.singh575@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Herbal drugs are traditionally used in various parts of the world to cure different diseases. The Ayurvedic and Siddha medical systems are very famous medical practices in Indian traditional medicines. Over the last few ,researcher have aimed at identifying and validation plant derived substance for the treatment of various disease .similarly it has been already proved that various parts of plants such as leaf, fruits seeds etc.provide heath and nutrition promoting compounds traditional used against various disease. Aegle marmelos have been used in ethno medicine to exploit its’ medicinal properties including astringent, antidiarrheal antidysentric, demulcent, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities. The present review aims to complete medicinal values of Aegle marmelos generated through the research activity using modern scientific approaches and innovative scientific tools.
25 October 2012

A REVIEW ON TARGETED DRUG THERAPY FOR CANCER: A NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY APPROACH

About Author:
Kabita Banik
B.pharm;(WBUT) BCDA College of pharmacy &Technology;
M.pharm(BPUT) Dadhichi college of pharmacy.
banikkabita64@gmail.com

Abstract:
New cancer targeted therapies that make use therapeutic antibodies or small molecules have made treatment more tumor specific and less toxic. Nevertheless, there remain several challenges to the treatment of cancer, including drug resistance, cancer stem cells, and high tumor interstitial fluid pressure. In many solid tumors, for example, increased interstitial fluid pressure makes the uptake of therapeutic agents less efficient. One of the most promising ways of meeting such challenges is ligand-targeted therapy that may be used to make targeting more specific and carry higher dosages of anti-cancer drug to tumor tissue.
24 October 2012

HERBAL ALTERNATIVES TO ASTHMA

Aabout Author:
Dhirendra C. Patel*
Master of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology,
S.K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University,
Kherva, Mehsana, Gujarat, India.
dhiren.pharmacy@gmail.com

Abstract:
Herbal medicines are very popular in treatment of the asthma in the modern era because of lots of benefits of it like less cost, less side effects, easily available etc. Herbal alternatives to asthma are better way for treatment of asthma. Various herbal medicines recognize that immune system functioning can play a vital role in helping to control the symptoms of asthma and strengthen the body's defenses against environmental allergens. Herbal medicines like ephedra, ginger, chamomile, elderberry, licorice, mullein, stinging nettle etc are very beneficial in asthma. Scientists have found evidence to support herbal's wide range of medicinal actions. These actions include the lowering of cholesterol levels, relief for allergies and asthma etc. Herbs have been used by people for longer than we have been keeping written record. Originally they were found in the wild by the gatherers and used for lots of different things. I light here, the use of herbals in asthma. It aims to tap into the body’s own healing mechanism by transforming the “triggers” of such attacks as part of the remedy. Opinions of different authors are saying that herbal medication is better way for asthma treatment.
23 October 2012

A REVIEW: PARENTERAL CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

About Author:
Mahek Goel
Shri Baba Mastnath Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Research
Asthal Bohar, Rohtak, Haryana (124001)
mahekgoel10@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Parenteral drug delivery systems are the preparations that are given other than oral route. (Para-outside, enteric–intestine). Parenteral drug delivery systems are most preferred drug delivery systems as they meet many benefits over other dosage forms in many cases such as unconsciousness, nausea, in emergency clinical episodes. The Parenteral administration route is the most common and efficient for delivery of active drug substances with poor bio-availability and the drugs with a narrow therapeutic index. But parenteral route offers rapid onset of action with rapid declines of systemic drug level. For the sake of effective treatment it is often desirable to maintain systemic drug levels within the therapeutically effective concentration range for as long as treatment calls for. It requires frequent injection, which ultimately leads to patient discomfort. For this reason, drug delivery system which can reduce total number of injection throughout the effective treatment, improve patient compliance as well as pharmacoeconomic. These biodegradable injectable drug delivery system offer attractive opportunities for protein delivery and could possibly extend patent life of protein drugs.Parenteral drug delivery system seeks to optimize therapeutic index by providing immediate drug to the systemic pool in required quantity to treat– cardiac attacks, respiratory attacks. This article explores various prolonged release parenteral drug delivery system and their strategies of preparation, their potential benefits/drawbacks and in-vitro testing methods.
22 October 2012

SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF POORLY WATER SOLUBLE DRUG CELECOXIB

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About Authors:
Mr. Pranab Prakash Panigrahi^1*, Mr. Ajit Kumar Acharya²
¹B.Pharm, ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHARMACY AND HEALTH SCIENCES, BERHAMPUR
²Asst.Professor, ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHARMACY AND HEALTH SCIENCES, BERHAMPUR
*pranab.panigrahi@rediffmail.com

INTRODUCTION
Poorly water-soluble drugs often require high doses in order to reach therapeutic plasma concentrations after oral administration. Improvement in the extent and rate of dissolution is highly desirable for such compounds, as this can lead to an increased and more re-producible oral bioavailability and subsequently to clinically relevant dose reduction and more reliable therapy. More than 40% of newly discovered drugs have little or no water solubility presents a serious challenge to the successful development and commercialization of new drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. Now a days, pharmaceutical technology provides many approaches to enhance the dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs. Physical modifications often aim to increase the surface area, solubility and/or wet ability of the powder particles and are therefore focused on particle size reduction or generation of amorphous states [Hancock, 1997 & Grau, 2000]. Several methods have been employed to improve the solubility of poorly water soluble drugs. A solid dispersion technique has been used by various researchers who have reported encouraging results with different drugs. The first drug whose rate and extent of absorption was significantly enhanced using the solid dispersion technique was sulfathiazole by Sekiguchi and Obi (Sekiguchi, 1961)¹.
21 October 2012

NANOTECHNOLOGY: NANOCRYSTALS

About Authors:
Patel Chirag J*, Asija Rajesh, Asija Sangeeta
Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jaipur.
*chirag.bangalore@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Oral delivery of drugs with poor aqueous solubility and poor enzymatic and/or metabolic stability is very challenging. However, the advent of nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of oral drug delivery. Development of poorly soluble and/or permeable drug molecules using nanocrystal formulations has proven to be highly successful due to the greater surface/volume ratio, resulting in improvements in dissolution and bioavailability as well as enhanced permeability.The industrially relevant bottom up (precipitation) and top down production technologies (pearl milling, high pressure homogenization, and combination technologies) are presented. This review discusses drug loading among various nanoparticles, method of preparation, evaluation and success of nanocrystals compared to other nanotechnologies.
19 October 2012

SCREENING OF DIURETIC AGENTS-AN OVERVIEW

About Authors:
*Nilesh Sovasia, Prof.Sanjeev Thacker, Arshad Hala
Seth G.L.Bihani S.D.College Of Technical Education,
Institute Of Pharmaceutical Science & Drug Research,
Sri Ganganagar,Rajasthan,India
*nilesh.sovasia@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
Diuretic agents are very useful for several critical conditions like hypertension, heart failure, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, and cirrhosis.The various methods for screening of Diuretic agents provides useful tool to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the drugs.It is also useful for determining the dose lavel of particular class of diuretic agents.