Pharmaceutics Articles

About Authors:
Nishant kumar gupta, *Aadesh kumar
Dept. of pharmacy BIT meerut
*adesh.adi.chaudhary@gmail.com

Abstract:
There was a point in time when packaging in pharmaceutical industry is symbolized for substantial safeguard, for identification and for merely endowing with a piece of information to any person who agree to it. But the changing scenario has been conveyed an assortment of changes, as in this day and age packaging provides the prevention of product tampering and counterfeiting, the assurance of product dispensing accuracy, child protection and the promotion of patient compliance with product dosage schedules. In the precedent time we used packaging materials, labels, holograms and some introductory communications; but these days together with them we use mobile applications, an innovative and creative unit, altering labeling standards, luxurious packaging, a packaging development team, anti-counterfeiting packaging extravaganza, hi-tech module for packaging demonstrate and an intelligent outlook. Packaging schoolwork has such an individual place in the market of counterfeit or fake drugs as nowhere. Packaging developer has an only effort to engender a special design that can competent with both fake brands and generic brand of that drug with ‘Me-too’ names.

About Authors:
Renu^1*, Shashi Kant^2*, Rajendra Yadav³, Amit Kumar Tyagi^4
1Faculty of Pharmacy, Shivdan Singh Institute of Technology and Management, Aligarh (U.P)
²Jubilant Chemsys Ltd, Noida,
³Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University Haridwar, 
⁴Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Meerut (U.P)
*shashi.pharma83@gmail.com

ABSTRACT :
Diclofenac is currently the eighth largest-selling drug and the most frequently used NSAID (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) in the world, since its introduction in Japan in 1974. Diclofenac is among the better tolerated NSAIDs. Only major adverse effect of Diclofenac is that it causes direct and indirect irritation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). To reduce the side effects on gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and to improve therapeutic efficacy of Diclofenac, it can be formulated in polymeric microspheres.
The use of polymeric carriers in formulations of therapeutic drug delivery systems has gained widespread application, due to their advantage of being biodegradable and biocompatible. Among the microparticulate systems, microspheres have a special importance since it is possible to target drugs and provide controlled release. Diclofenac sodium (DS), is a potent drug in the NSAID group having non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory properties, and is widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. In this present study, it was aimed to prepare microsphere formulations of DS using a natural biodegradable polymer as a carrier for administration to extend the duration period of the dosage form. Microsphere formulations of DS which were prepared were evaluated in vitro for particle size, yield value, encapsulation efficiency, surface morphology, and in vitro drug release.

About Authors:
Kapil Sharma^*1, Subhash Gupta ^2
1 Yaresun Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd.,India.
² Oasis test house ltd. Jaipur-302006, Rajasthan, India.
*pharma_kapil@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT
A method for simultaneous estimation of Atorvastatin (ATVS) and Amlodipine (AMLD) in raw material and in combined tablet dosage form has been developed. The method employs the application of RP-HPLC. Chromatgraphy was carried out on a nucleosil C-18,250 x 4.6 mm column using a mixture of phosphate buffer and methanol  (50:50 v/v)  as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.3 ml/min.  Run time was 15 min.  Detection was done at 245 nm and retention time of ATVS was 6.97 min and 3.96 min of AMLD.³  This method produced linear responses in the concentration range 20-140 µg/ml and 10-70 µg/ml for ATVS and AMLD respectively. The accuracy of the method was assessed by recovery studies and was found to be 100.54± 0.19 and 100.08±0.80 for ATVS and AMLD respectively.The procedure was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of both drugs in laboratory prepared mixture of raw material and in market available tablet dosage form. Results of the analysis were validated statistically so that it can be used for routine analysis of ATVS and AMLD in combined tablet dosage form.^4-6

About Authors:
DHIRAJ YADAV
BABU BANARASI DAS UNIVERSITY,
LUCKNOW
dhirajyadav06@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Miconazole is the antifungal drug, has been used in the treatment of fungal infection of skin and also in yeast infection. In order to decrease the skin rashes, skin irritation, and also for best effect on the skin, miconagol gels have been developed. This study was conducted to develop a gel formulation of miconazole using four types of gelling agents: carbopol, carboxymethylcellulose sodium (Na CMC) and sodium alginate. Effect of penetration enhancer (propylene glycol) on the release has been studied. The gels were evaluated for physical appearance, rheological behaviour, drug release and stability. The drug release from all gelling agents through a standard cellophane membrane was evaluated using Keshary-Chien diffusion cell. All batches of gels showed acceptable physical properties concerning colour, homogeneity, consistency, spreadability and pH value.
Among all the gel formulations, carbopol showed superior drug release than followed by Na CMC, and sodium alginate. Drug release decreased with increase in polymer concentration. Drug release was not linearly proportional with the concentration of penetration enhancer or co-solvents. Stability studies showed that the physical appearance, rheological properties, and drug release remained unchanged upon storage for two months at ambient condition.

About Author:
Ashutosh Gupta
B.Pharm, kanpur university
22ashutoshgupta22@gmail.com

Abstract
This summary represents the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) current thinking on this topic. It does not create or confer any rights for or on any person and does not operate to bind FDA or the public. You can use an alternative approach if the approach satisfies the requirements of the applicable statutes and regulations. If you want to discuss an alternative approach, contact the FDA staff responsible for implementing this guidance.

About Authors:
S. H. Seyed Mohamed Buhary*, Kamarapu Nagaraju, A. Thanga Thirupathi.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Sankaralingam Bhuvaneswari College of Pharmacy,
Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India.
* nagarajukamarapu8@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
The main goal of this study was to develop a stable formulation of antibiotic drug clarithromycin as an immediate-release tablet. The task of developing immediate release tablet is accomplished by using a suitable diluents and super-disintegrants. Faster disintegration of the tablet administrated orally minimizes absorption time and improves its bioavailability in less time.   The formulation development work was initiated with wet granulation. Microcrystalline cellulose PH 102 were used as diluent. Povidone was used as the binder. Croscarmellose sodium and pre gelatinized starchwas added as a disintegrating agent. Talc and magnesium stearate was used as the lubricant. The prepared granules were compressed into a compression machine.  To evaluate the formulated tablets as per requirements of standards. The tablets thus formulated showed  a satisfactory physical parameters, and it was found to be stable.Evalution Parameters Like weight variation, hardness of the tablet, friability, thickness, disintegration test, drug content uniformity and in vitro release studies were performed.To optimize the trial batch by    3² full factorial design study and determined  the best batch by in vitro release studies are showed that  optimization formulation (OF7) was 101.62% respectively. The  optimized formulation is further selected and compared with the release profile of the innovator product. The results suggest the feasibility of developing immediate  tablets consisting of clarithromycin for the convenience of patients with respiratory infections, gonorrhea, community-acquired pneumonia, pelvic inflammatory disease, pediatric otitis media and pharyngitis and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in patients with advanced HIV disease.

About Authors:
Saritha. A. Surendran*, Prof.O.G. Vinaya, Santhosh. R. Iyer, Anisha. N.A
Calicut University, College Of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Govt. Medical College, Calicut,
Kerala, India
*sarithaasurendran@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The Goal of the present investigation was to design and evaluate gels for topical delivery of water insoluble antifungal agent, Clotrimazole with an aim to increase its penetration through skin. Clotrimazole is a broad spectrum imidazole derivative useful in the treatment of superficial fungal infections. Purpose was to improve the solubility, invitro characteristics and dissolution properties of Clotrimazole by the preparation of its solid dispersion with beta cyclodextrin using kneading method by using different drug carrier ratios. Prepared solid dispersion was evaluated for percent practical yield, drug content uniformity, in vitro dissolution rate, DSC and IR studies. Solid dispersions was optimized based on the release characteristics, and were incorporated into gels. Faster dissolution was exhibited by solid dispersion containing l: l ratio of drug: β-cyclodextrin by kneading method. Gels have gained more importance because the gel-bases formulations are better percutaneously absorbed than creams and ointment bases. The gels were formulated by using Carbopol 940, HPMC, and Methyl cellulose and evaluated for pH, drug content, spreadability, extrudability, viscosity determination and diffusion study. Invitro drug release of clotrimazole solid dispersion incorporated gels was showed that Carbopol gels was showed higher drug release as compared to HPMC, methyl cellulose gels.  Optimized gel was then undergone skin irritation test, stability studies, and invitro antifungal test. In conclusion, the optimized gel showed good physicochemical properties, better drug release, and reasonable stability