Pharmaceutics Articles

About Authors:
Dharmendra Kumar^*1, Sumedha Bansal^1
1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Meerut, Uttar Pardesh, India, 250005
*rvnimiet@gmail.com

Abstract:
In present era, nasal drug delivery system has been considered as potential and favourable route of drug delivery because it provides patient compliance, easy to administration, bypass first pass metabolism, excellent penetration, low dose required, rapid absorption and gives desirable effects. So many times nasal drug delivery has been considered as alternative of parenteral route. The purpose of this review, to provide a complete information about nasal drug delivery system such as advantage, limitations, anatomy of nose, mechanism of drug absorption, factors affecting of nasal drug delivery, absorption improvement aspects, novel drug formulations, types of nasal drug delivery system with uses of nasal drug delivery in various disease. So we have expectation, that researches and others cited person get benefitted from this review.

About Authors:
Ravindra K. Kamble, Priyadarshani R. Kamble*
Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance,
Bhupal Nobles’ College of Pharmacy, Udaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA.
*priya.s.bansode@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Recent studies reported approval of lipid vesicles as drug carriers for chemotherapeutic agents and bio-actives which have been revealed in a number of lipid vesicles based formulations, which are commercially available or are currently undergoing clinical trials. This review is mainly focused on effectiveness and permeation enhancing controversy of lipid vesicles as dermal and transdermal drug delivery with special emphasis on recent advances in this field, including the development of deformable vesicles, ethosomes and invasomes. Only specially designed lipid vesicles have been shown to be capable of achieving enhanced delivery. The incorporation of additives, such as anionic surfactants and ethanol, fluidize the phospholipid bilayers, thus can penetrate the intercellular pathways of the skin.

About Authors:
C.P.Meher*, S.P.Sethy, B.Pochaiah
Asst. Professor
Maheshwara Institute of  Pharmacy,
Department Of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Chitkul, Patancheru, Medak, A.P
*chaitanyameher84@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Radioactive isotope, also called radioisotope,  any of several species of the same chemical element with different masses whose nuclei are unstable and dissipate excess energy by spontaneously emitting radiation in the form of alpha, beta, and gamma rays. Radioisotopes are elements that are atomically unstable and radioactive. Radioisotopes stabilize by releasing energy and matter. Natural radioisotopes, which have relatively low radioactive energy, have been largely replaced by artificially produced radioisotopes. Artificially produced radioisotopes are widely utilized as sources of radiation for radiography, gauging, and as tracers for a multitude of measurements that are not easily made by other methods. Radiopharmaceuticals are drugs containing a radionuclide and are used routinely in nuclear medicine for the diagnosis and therapy of various diseases. Presented article is concerned with brief discussion about the radioisotope & Radiopharmaceuticals.

About Authors:
Kotta Kranthi kumar¹, V Bhargava Reddy²
Sku college of pharmaceutical sciences S.K.University Anantapur
*kranthikumarkotta@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
In the nature so many polymers are available. With this natural polymers will not shows any interactions with the api. In the drug delivery systems the polymers are plays an important role for the delivery of the drugs. By using the polymers we will deliver the drugs in the targeting points. Now a day this polymers science is the emerging field for the development and invention of new polymers. In the coming years  polymers will plays a vital role in dug delivery.

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About Authors:
Roopesh Sachan*¹, Prof. Satyanand Tyagi², Tarun Parashar¹, Soniya¹, Patel Chirag J*³,Patel Pinkesh³, Rishikesh Gupta^4
1*Department of Pharmaceutics, Himalayan Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Rajawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India-248007.
²President & Founder, Tyagi Pharmacy Association (TPA) & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
³Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
⁴Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India-284128.
*roopeshsachan@gmail.com, +91-9557469989, 9236167104

ABSTRACT:
Nanoparticle drug-delivery systems are the popular ones as are able to increase the selectivity and stability of therapeutic agents. However reticuloendothelial system (RES) uptake, drug leakage, immunogenicity, hemolytic toxicity, cytotoxicity, hydrophobicity restrict the use of these nanostructures. These shortcomings are overcome by surface engineering the dendrimer such as Polyester dendrimer, Citric acid dendrimer, Arginine dendrimer, Glycodendrimers, PEGylated dendrimers, etc.The field of Dendrimers has recently emerged as the most commercially viable technology of this century because of its wide-ranging potential applications in many fields such as: healthcare, electronics, photonics, biotechnology, engineering products, pharmaceuticals, drug delivery, catalysis, electronic devices, environmental issues and nanotechnologies. Dendrimer as a drug delivery agent is a promising, safe and selective drug delivery option.

About Authors:
Liladhar*
¹Seth G. L. Bihani S. D. College Of Technical Education,
Institute Of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research,
Gaganpath, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan 335001
ldbudania@gmail.com*

ABSTRACT:
The objective of the present research was to prepare fast disintegrating tablet of Seletracetam because of its application in epilepsy and convulsion related problem. Fast on set of action and avoidance of abundant of water in oral route. Which is highly desirable in this type of disease condition. The effect of formulation and process variables such as hardness, disintegration time, and in vitro dissolution and physical characteristics of fast dissolving tablet were examined on optimized drug/super disintegrant ratio by 32 factorial designs. During the work tablets were prepared by direct compression using Kyron T-314 and sodium starch Glycolate as super disintegrant ,where MCC,Lactose monohydrate for direct compression, aspartame as sweetner.The different powder blends were evaluated for pre-formulation parameters such as bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose,carr’s index,hausner’s ratio. The tablets were evaluated for post-compression parameters such as weight variation, Tablet hardness and tablet friability. In vitro Disintegration test, tablet thickness, in vitro dissolution profile. All the physical characteristics of powder blend and fibrillated tablet were within acceptable limits. The result of Dissolution studies indicated that formulation F7 release 98.70% of drug at 25 min interval which give the most successful of study.F7 batch contain Seletracetam (Drug), SSG(4%), kyron T-314(2%) and other excipients.F7 batch was the optimized batch since it showed of Disintegration time(17sec),friability(0.91%) and %Drug release (98.70%).

About Authors:
Patel Chirag J^*1, Prof. Satyanand Tyagi², Patel Pinkesh¹, Umesh Kumar¹, Patel Jaimin¹, Chaudhari Bharat^1
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
*Mr. Chirag Patel has published various Books, Research and Review articles. His academic works include 35 Publications (2 books was published in Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany & 8 Research Articles and 25 Review Articles was published in standard and reputed National and International Pharmacy journals)
²President & Founder, Tyagi Pharmacy Association (TPA) & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
*chirag.bangalore@gmail.com, +91-8000501871

ABSTRACT:
The transdermal route of drug delivery has gained great interest of pharmaceutical research, as it circumvents number of problems associated with oral route of drug administration. Recently, various strategies have been used to augment the transdermal delivery of bioactives. Mainly, they include electrophoresis, iontophoresis, chemical permeation enhancers, microneedles, sonophoresis, and vesicular system like liposomes, niosomes, elastic liposomes such as ethosomes and transfersomes. Among these strategies transferosomes appear promising. A novel vesicular drug carrier system called transfersomes, which is composed of phospholipid, surfactant, and water for enhanced transdermal delivery. Transfersomes are a form of elastic or deformable vesicle, which were first introduced in the early 1990s.The system can be characterized by in vitro for vesicle shape and size, entrapment efficiency, degree of deformability, number of vesicles per cubic mm. These carriers can transport pharmacological agents, including large polypeptides, through the permeability barriers, such as the intact skin.

About Authors:
Patel Chirag J^*1, Prof. Satyanand Tyagi², Patel Pinkesh¹, Umesh Kumar¹, Patel Jaimin¹, Chaudhari Bharat^1
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
*Mr. Chirag Patel has published various Books, Research and Review articles. His academic works include 35 Publications (2 books was published in Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany & 8 Research Articles and 25 Review Articles was published in standard and reputed National and International Pharmacy journals)
²President & Founder, Tyagi Pharmacy Association (TPA) & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
*chirag.bangalore@gmail.com, +91-8000501871

ABSTRACT:
Transdermal drug delivery system is a type of convenient drug delivery system where drug goes to the systemic circulation through the protective barrier i.e. Skin. Skin acts as a major target as well as a principal barrier for topical / transdermal drug delivery. Vesicular system is one of the most controversial methods for transdermal delivery of active substances in that ethosome are the ethanolic phospholipids vesicles which are used mainly for transdermal delivery of drugs.  Ethosomes have higher penetration rate through the skin as compared to liposomes hence these can be used widely in place of liposomes. The increased permeation of ethosomes is probably due to its ethanolic content. Ethanol increases the cell membrane lipid fluidity which results in increased skin penetrability of the ethosomes. These ethosomes permeates inside the skin and fuse with cell membrane lipids and release the drug. Hot and cold methods are used for formulation of ethosomes. Characterizations of ethosomesinclude Particle size, Zeta potential, Differential Scanning Calorimertry (DSC),Entrapment efficiency, Surface tension activity measurement, Vesicle stabilityand Penetration Studiesetc.