Pharmaceutics Articles

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2 October 2012

A Detailed Review on Novel Mucoadhesive System

About Authors:
Singh Deep Hussan*, Roychowdhury Santanu
Sri Sai college of pharmacy, badhani,
pathankot
*hussannijjar@gmail.com

Abstract:
Mucoadhesion is the prevalent interest in the design of drug delivery systems. Mucoadhesion can be defined as the state in which two materials, at least one of which is biological (mucosa) in nature, are held together for a prolonged time period by means of interfacial forces. This mucoadhesive system offers many advantages as it allows for reduction in daily administrations and daily drug dosage and is suitable for the treatment of irritation, pain, and discomfort associated with gingivitis, sore throats, laryngopharyngitis, cold, and periodontal surgery. Moreover, it adheres well to the gum and is very simple to apply, which means that patient compliance is improved. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system are designed to enable prolonged residence time of the dosage form at the site of application or absorption and facilitate an intimate contact of the dosage form with the underline absorption surface. The present review describes mucoadhesion, mucoadhesive polymers and their classification, stages, mechanism and theories of mucoadhesion and factors affecting them along with its evaluation. However, the research on mucoadhesives, is still in its early stage and further advances need to be made for the successful translation of the concept into practical application in controlled drug delivery.
1 October 2012

VARIOUS PREPARATION TECHNIQUE OF POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLE

About Authors:
*Avanish kumar dubey, Amit singh
R.V. Northland Institute dadri,
G.B. Nagar UP
*avpharma001@gmail.com

Abstract
Polymer nanoparticles have attracted the interest of researcher and have been utilized the increasing number of field. Generally two main strategies are employed for the preparation of polymeric nanoparticles. either polymerization of monomers or the dispersion of pre-form polymers. Various techniques can be used to produce polymeric nanoparticles such as salting out method, double desolvation method, ionic gelation method, cross linked nanoparticles, nanoparticle by super critical fluid, emulsification and solvent evaporation method. The choice of method depends on a number of factor such as particle size, particle size distribution, area of application, nature of polymer etc. This review cover the general description on various methods of the preparation of polymeric nanoparticle.
28 September 2012

ARTIFICIAL VIRAL ENVELOPES: EMERGING VEHICLE FOR GENE DELIVERY

About Authors:
AMOL D.GHOLAP^*1, DATTATRAY TUPE²
¹Department of Pharmaceutics, Vamanrao Ithape D. Pharmacy College,
Velhale, Tal- Sangamner, Dist- Ahmednagar, MS-422605, India.
²Department of Regulatory Affairs, Lupin Limited,
Kalina, Santakruz (E), Mumbai, MS, India-400098.
*amolgholap16@yahoo.com

Abstract
The several evolutions in the field of medicine develop different cellular mechanisms for striking along with entering the target cells with efficiency. The utilization of recombinenet adenovirus as carriers for cDNA induces dose along with therapy limiting of defense mechanisms. Artificial viral envelopes (AVE) are lipid vesicles which mimic with fusogenic envelop of retrovirus to utilize as target selectivity along with efficiency of delivery of viruses. The major component of AVE includes phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyiserine along with sphingomyelins. The negative charge is present on AVE’s help them for targeting the moieties such as viral binding proteins. The artificial viral envelopes show potential applications in plasmid delivery.
28 September 2012

COLLOIDOSOMES: A POTENTIAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

About Authors:
AMOL D.GHOLAP^*1, DATTATRAY TUPE²
¹ Department of Pharmaceutics, Vamanrao Ithape D. Pharmacy College, Velhale, Tal- Sangamner, Dist- Ahmednagar, MS-422605, India.
² Department of Regulatory Affairs, Lupin Limited, Kalina,
Santakruz (E), Mumbai, MS, India-400098.
*amolgholap16@yahoo.com

Abstracts
There are several newer lipid based systems are evoked and utilized now a days as dryg delivery systems like liposomes, transferosomes, ethosomes etc which provides effective solutions for problem regarding insolubility, instability, rapid degradation along with has wide application in the specialized area consisting protein delivery, targeting to the brain, and tumor targeting. This lipid based systems also utilized in for gene delivery with efficient performance while in this field the colloidosomes evoked as potential tool based on the vascular drug delivery system. There are several applications of vascular systems are present including reduction in the cost of therapy via improved bioavailability of medication generally in the case of poorly soluble drugs. The colloidosomes have several beneficial advantages like greater encapsulation efficiency with wide control on the size along with permeability and compatibility. The colloidosomes also have effective mechanical strength.
27 September 2012

FORMULATION DESIGN, MANUFACTURE CRITERIA AND REQUIREMENT OF VARIOUS TYPES OF TABLET

About Authors:
¹Sahu Deepak*, ²Ketawat Santosh
¹Ass.Professor, Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy,
²Lecturer, Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy,
Dabok, Udaipur [Rajasthan] – 313022
*deepak.sahu.bhl@gmail.com

Abstract
Tablet is the most preferred oral dosage form, due to many advantages it offers to formulators as well as physicians and patients. However, the process of manufacturing tablets is complex. Hence, careful consideration has to be given to select right process, and right excipients to ultimately give a robust, high productivity and regulatory compliant product of good quality.
26 September 2012

Nanoparticles: An Overview

About Authors:
Mahek Goel
Shri Baba Mastnath Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Research
Asthal Bohar, Rohtak, Haryana (124001)
mahekgoel10@gmail.com

Abstract:
Nanoparticles are the preparations having size in nanometers. Particulate systems like nanoparticles have been used as a physical approach to alter and improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of various types of drug molecules. They have been used in vivo to protect the drug entity in the systemic circulation, restrict access of the drug to the chosen sites and to deliver the drug at a controlled and sustained rate to the site of action. Various polymers have been used in the formulation of nanoparticles for drug delivery research to increase therapeutic benefit, while minimizing side effects. Here, we review various aspects of nanoparticle formulation, characterization, effect of their characteristics, drug loading, in vitro release profile and their applications in delivery of drug molecules and therapeutic genes.
24 September 2012

SUSTAINED RELEASE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM : A CONCISE REVIEW

About Authors:
LILESH KHALANE^*, ATUL ALKUNTE, ARUNADEVI BIRAJDAR
Adarsh Shikshan Prasarak Mandal’s, K. T. Patil college of Pharmacy,
Siddhartha Nagar, Barshi Road,
Osmanabad – 413501.
^*lileshkhalane@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
As a very few drugs are coming out of research and development and already existing drugs are suffering the problem of resistance due to their irrational use. Hence, change in the operation is a suitable and optimized way to make the some drug more effective by slight alternation in the drug delivery. Presently pharmaceutical industries are focusing on development of sustained release formulations due to its inherent boons. Sustained release dosage forms are designed to release a drug at a predetermined rate by maintaining a constant drug level for a specific period of time with minimum side effects. The basic rationale of sustained release drug delivery system optimizes the biopharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties of a drug in such a way that its utility is maximized, side-effects are reduced and cure of the disease is achieved. There are several advantages of sustained release drug delivery over conventional dosage forms like improved patient compliance due to less frequent drug administration, reduction of fluctuation in steady-state drug levels, maximum utilization of the drug, increased safety margin of potent drug, reduction in healthcare costs through improved therapy and shorter treatment period. The basic goal of sustained release is provide promising way to decrease the side effect of drug by preventing the fluctuation of the therapeutic concentration of the drug in the body and increase patient compliance by reducing frequency of dose. This article contains the basic information regarding sustained-release formulation and also the different types of the same.
24 September 2012

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF OCULAR INSERT OF ACYCLOVIR

About Authors:
Mistry G. S^*, Patel S. D, Tank H. M
Matushree V. B. Manvar College of Pharmacy
Dumiyani, Rajkot.
^*Gaurav_mistry123@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
Acyclovir is an Anti-viral drug, widely used in the treatment of Ocular herpes simplex. Ophthalmic insert of acyclovir formulated using Methyl cellulose (MC A4CP), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30) and polyvinyl alcohol as polymers and glycerin use as plasticizer by solvent casting method with aim of increasing the contact time, achieving sustained release drug. The prepared ophthalmic insert were evaluated for uniformity of thickness, weight uniformity, drug content, % moisture absorption, % moisture loss, folding endurance and surface pH. In vitro drug release of formulated batches was performed using Modified Franz Diffusion cell. A 3² full factorial design was applied to systematically optimize the ocular insert. FTIR spectroscopy was performed to study the drug interaction effect in formulation using KBr disc method. On the basis of all physicochemical parameters and in vitro drug release studies, and overall Desirability, the formulation (F8) was found to vary significantly depending on the type of polymers used and their combinations and it was selected for sterility, stability, ocular irritancy study. The result of invitro diffusion study of formulation exhibited non-fickian in nature. From stability studies inserts were remained stable both physically and chemically. The formulation was found to be practically nonirritant in ocular irritation studies using hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane.
23 September 2012

NANOTOXICOLOGY AN EMERGING TOOL USED FOR THE TOXICITY OF NANOMATERIALS

About Authors:
Rakesh Tiwle
Shri Laxman Rao Mankar Pharmacy College Amagoan,
Gondia Maharashtra.
rakesh_tiwle@rediffmail.com

Abstract
Nanotoxicology is a branch of Bio-Nano-science which deals with the study and application of toxicity of nanomaterials. Nanotoxicology is the study of the toxicity of nanomaterial because of quantam size effects and large surface area to volume ratio, nanomaterials have unique properties compared with their larger counter parts. Increases in nanotechnological applications for industrial, consumer and medical uses promise many benefits, yet at the same time they have generated serious concerns about potential health and environmental risks from exposure to engineered nanoscale materials. Such concerns stimulated research in the emerging field of nanotoxicology, resulting in a steadily increasing number of publications suggesting that engineered nanomaterials because of their specific physicochemical properties can induce significant toxic responses. Although most of the nanotoxicological studies were performed using unrealistic exposure conditions, they have led to a widespread perception that generically all nanomaterials pose a significant health risk. Such perception is in great part based on exaggerated reporting in the popular press, resulting in a Nanotoxicity-Hype Correlation. Knowledge about potential human and environmental exposure combined with dose response toxicity information will be necessary to determine real or perceived risks of nanomaterials following inhalation, oral or dermal routes of exposure.
21 September 2012

DENDRIMER : FOR NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM- A REVIEW ARTICLE

About Author:
Deepa yadav
M.Pharm
Rameshwaram institute of Technology and management, Lucknow
deepa.yadav.amethi@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Dendrimers have emerged as one of the most interesting themes for researchers as a result of unique functional architecture and macromolecular characteristics dendrimer, have attracted great attention in terms of biomedical applications. Although the PAMAMdendrimer has already been tested as a carrier for drugs and genes and as a contrast agent for bioimaging . This mini review highlights issues associated with the use of dendrimers as drug delivery vehicles. This article provides an insight into the structure, synthesis, properties,types and the applications of dendrimers in the bio-medical field.