Pharmacognosy Articles

30 October 2012

Radio Immunoassay of Drugs and Hormones

About Authors:
Dhiren Shah
m.pharmacy
Seth G.L.Bihani S.D.College of Pharmacy, R.U.H.S.
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, INDIA
dhiren.pharmacist@gmail.com

Abstract
A method has been developed for immobilisation of antisera on fresh plastic tubes through an immunochemical bridge. This type of immobilisation has been shown to be more consistent than direct adsorption on plastic. Such immunochemically coated antisera on plastic tube has been used in the development of a noncentrifugation radioimmunoassay. This assay system has been found to be technically as sound as the conventional method.
18 October 2012

ROLE OF ERLOTINIB IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER AS WELL AS PANCREATIC CANCER: A REVIEW

About Authors:
Satyanand Tyagi*
*President, Tyagi Pharmacy Association & Scientific Writer,
Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
Prof. Satyanand Tyagi is a life time member of various pharmacy professional bodies like IPA, APTI and IPGA. He has published various research papers and review articles. His academic works include 49 Publications (41 Review Articles and 08 Research Articles of Pharmaceutical, Medicinal and Clinical Importance, published in standard and reputed National and International Pharmacy journals; Out of 49 publications, 11 are International Publications).
*sntyagi9@yahoo.com, +91-9871111375 / 9582025220

ABSTRACT:
Erlotinib is a drug used to treat non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and several other types of cancer. It is a reversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which acts on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It is marketed in the United States by Genentech and OSI Pharmaceuticals and elsewhere by Roche. In lung cancer, it extends life by an average of 3.3 months at a cost of CDN $ 95,000. The hydrochloride salt of a quinazoline derivative of the drug shows antineoplastic properties. Competing with adenosine triphosphate, erlotinib reversibly binds to the intracellular catalytic domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, thereby reversibly inhibiting EGFR phosphorylation and blocking the signal transduction events and tumorigenic effects associated with EGFR activation. Erlotinib hydrochloride is approved to be used alone or with other drugs to treat:
* Non-small cell lung cancer that is locally advanced or has metastasized (spread to other parts of the body). It is used in patients who have already been treated with other chemotherapy.
* Pancreatic cancer. It is used with gemcitabine hydrochloride in patients whose disease cannot be removed by surgery or has metastasized.

Erlotinib hydrochloride is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. The aim of present article is to provide in depth knowledge about the drug Erlotinib as well as its role in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer as well as pancreatic cancer.The review has also focused about chemistry, pharmacology as well as clinical trial studies of the Erlotinib.
12 October 2012

THE DETAIL STUDY OF LANTANA CAMARA PLANT FOR THEIR MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE -A REVIEW

About Authors:
HH SAPARIA*, M BAIDYA, AR MAHESH
Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Chikkabellandur, Carmelaram Post,
Varthur Hobli, Banglore-560035, Karnataka, India.
*hiteshsapariya29@gmail.com

Abstract:
Current advancement in drug discovery technology and search for novel chemical diversity have intensified the efforts for exploring lead from “Ayurveda” the traditional system of medicine in India. Lantana camara, Family: Verbenaceae has been important coniferous plant in ayurvedic and indigenous medicinal systems. The Clinical trials and animal research support the use of Lantana camara for anti-spasmodic, carminative, anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-ulcer genic, treatment of emotional stress and trauma, anti-microbial, insecticidal, fungicidal, asthma. Major biochemical constituents of Lantana camara were identified as alkaloids/flavonoids, saponins/tannins, germacrene-A, B and D, triterpenes like lantadenes-A, B, C, D, valencene (principle constituent) and γ-gurjunene, verbascoside, martynoside.This paper includes the evidence-basedoverview of pharmacological and phytochemical properties of the aerial parts of Lantana camara.

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11 October 2012

ALL ABOUT COSMETICS

About Authors:
Ms.Roseline
MBA, B.Pharm.
Independent Cosmetic Consultant.
Hyderabad.
g.roseline28@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The Indian cosmetic Industry has witnessed rapid growth over the last couple of decades. In that time the range of cosmetic and beauty products in India has widened tremendously. Beauty products manufacturers in India mostly cater to the great demand for cosmetics and toiletries that fall into the low or medium-price categories as the greatest demand in India has always been for these economically priced products.
However, in recent years in the cosmetics market India competitors have begun to manufacture products to cater to an International need. For instance, herbal cosmetics from India have a great demand in the overseas market and many cosmetic products that are manufactured in India today are supplied to international suppliers of branded cosmetics products like The Body Shop for example. New facts that have been unveiled by a series of cosmetics business market analysis India reveal that many International companies are now outsourcing cosmetics to India and that the industry of cosmetic products India is growing at an average rate of almost twenty percent annually. This increase is attributed to two main factors. The first being the increase for the demand in Indian cost-effective products and the second being the increased purchasing power of the average Indian.
6 September 2012

ALOES SPECIES- A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

About Authors:
Krishn Kumar Agrawal*, Kishan Singh, Bhupesh Chander Semwal
Institute of Pharmaceutical Research GLA University,
Mathura-281403 (U.P.) India.
*Krishn.agrawal@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Medicinal plants have been a major source of therapeutic agents since ancient times to cure human disease. Aloes species (family-Liliaceae) is a widely used herbaceous, shrubby, arborescent, perennial or xerophytic succulents medicinal plant cultivated throughout India and popular in various indigenous system of medicine like Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Tibb. Traditionally the juice of aloe is used as bitter, laxative, purgative and cathartic. They are also useful in jaundice, dyspepsia, piles, skin disease, abotificient, trophic ulcer, wounds healing and many more ailments. The present review is therefore, an effort to give a detailed survey of the literature on pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the plant.
6 September 2012

PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL AND IN-VITRO ANTHELMINTIC SCREENING OF HIBISCUS ROSA-SINENSIS LINN. FLOWER EXTRACTS (FAMILY: MALVACEAE)

About Author:
Krishn Kumar Agrawal*, Jeetendra Kumar Gupta, Anju Verma, Kishan Singh
Institute of Pharmaceutical Research,
GLA University 17-Km. stone, NH-2 Mathura-Delhi Highway,
P.O. Chaumuhan, Mathura-281406 (U.P.) India
*krishn.agrawal@rediffmail.com

Abstract
The objective of the present study to investigate the anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of flower of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (family: Malvaceae) against Indian earthworms (Pheretima posthuma). The preliminary phytochemical screening of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis showed the presence of sterols, glycosides, alkaloids, proteins, mucilage and flavonoids. Various standards such as Piperazine citrate, Albendazole and Pyrantel pamoate at concentration of 20mg/ml were used to compare anthelmintic activity with the extracts at the same concentration in terms of paralysis time and death time of worms. The result revealed the potential usefulness of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flower against helminthiasis infection.

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4 September 2012

PHYTOSOMES: AN EMERGING TECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVING PHYTOCHEMICAL BIOAVAILABILITY- A REVIEW

About Author:
Ramandeep Kaur
Assistant Professor, CT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Jallandhar- 143001
deepraman_18@yahoo.in

ABSTRACT
Phytosomes are little cell like structure which are also termed herbosomes which are formed by complexation of the polyphenolic phytoconstituents in molar ratio with phosphatidylcholine. Bioavailability of flavonoid containing phytomedicines, is reported to be low and erratic due to limited absorption, elevated presystemic metabolism and rapid elimination. But their phytosomal formulations show improved absorption, enhanced delivery and increased bioavailability of phytochemicals than the conventional herbal extracts containing dosage forms. Phytosome technology has been effectively used to enhance the bioavailability of many popular herbal extracts e.g. milk thistle, grape seed, green tea, hawthorn, etc. The improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties of phytosomes make them suitable for the treatment of serious degenerative disorders. This article reviews the recent trends and applications of various herbal extract phytosomes as a tool of drug delivery system and as an emerging technology for increasing bioavailabity of phytoconstituents.
3 September 2012

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF WHOLE PLANT OF SIDA ACUTA (LINN.F.ND)

About Authors:
*Virendra Sharma, Pooja Sinoriya, Sunil Sharma
Lakshmi Narain Academy of Pharmacy, Gwalior
Kumud23@indiatimes.com

Abstract
To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of methanolic extract of whole plant of Sida acuta in experimental animal models. Methanolic extract of whole plant of Sida acuta (MESA) (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) was studied for its anti-inflammatory activity using Carrageenan induced rat paw edema animal model and analgesic activity at the same dose level using acetic acid induced writhing test and Hot plate analgesia in mice. The methanolic extract of whole plant of Sida acuta (MESA) (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.). The PI with indomethacin and Sida acuta in carrageenan induced paw edema at the dose level 400 mg/kg were 60% and 52.5% at the end of 5 hr. In the acetic acid induced writhing test, the extract at the dose level 400 mg/kg showed 83.78% inhibition of writhing. In radiant heat tail- flick method the extract at the dose 400 mg/kg showed reaction time 4.902 ± 0.545 (p<0.001). The methanolic extract possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.
13 August 2012

STEVIA: AN EMERGING NATURAL SWEETENER FOR FOOD INDUSTRY

About Authors:
Singh Asheesh^1*, Bajpai Dinesh¹, Singour P.K.²
¹Centre for Research & Development, Ipca Laboratories Ltd; Sejavta; Ratlam (MP) - 457002
²Faculty of pharmacy VNS Institute, Neelbud Bhopal (MP) - 462042
*asheesh_parihar@yahoo.com

Abstract:
Stevia rebaudiana is a well known medicinal herb contains antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-yeast, cardiotonic diuretic and hypoglycaemic properties. This herb has been used in Ayurveda in India since centuries. Stevia is a perennial herb belonging to the family Asteraceae, is one of the most valuable tropical medicinal plant. All over world there is increasing tendency towards consuming natural products and thus living a natural life and. At the same time our life styles have changed so much over the last 4-5 decades that sweeteners (either high calorie natural or proceeded sugars or high potency and low calorie sweeteners such as Aspartame) have become integral part of our natural daily diet. Stevia is a new crop in that is gaining very high popularity amongst all type of sweetener users as most ideal substitute for sugar. Sugar is basically a chemical that has grown in market over last many years. But in this age of changing life styles and people becoming more conscious of their health, the worldwide sugar consumption is going down and is getting replaced by low calorie sweeteners. Many of these Sweeteners are complex chemicals or many times naturals as well.
13 August 2012

Phytopharmacological Activities of Terminalia Species

About Author:
Sandeep Kaur
M.Sc. Microbiology (Hons.) in 2012
Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar,
Punjab- 143001.
sandy.flowers305@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Medicinal plants are part and parcel of human society to combat diseases from the dawn of civilization. India is sitting on a gold mine of well-recorded and traditionally well practiced knowledge of herbal medicine. India officially recognizes over 3000 plants for their medicinal value and Terminalia plant (Baheda) is one of them. Terminalia species (Family: combretaceace) including Terminalia bellerica, Terminalia arjuna and Terminalia chebula are widely used medicinal plants throughout India and popular in various Indigenous system of medicine like Ayurveda, Sidda and Unani. Terminalia chebula, is called ‘King of Medicine’ in Tibet, because of its extraordinary power of healing. Terminalia plant has been demonstated to possess multiple pharmacological and medicinal activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer & tumor and wound healing activity. In the Indian Sytem of Medicine, whole plant including stem bark, fruit, root bark and seeds are used as astringent, cooling, aphrodisiac, cardiotonic, tonic in fractures, ulcers, spermatorrhoea, leucorrhoea, cough, excessive perspiration and skin disorders. Phytoconstituents such as glucoside, tannins, gallic acid, ellagic acid, ethylgalate, gallylglucose and chebulanic acid are mainly believed to be responsible for its wide therapeutic actions. The present review is therefore, an effort to give a detailed survey of the literature on pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharamacological activities of the plant1.