Pharmacognosy Articles

27 February 2013

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ETHYL ACETATE, METHANOL AND CHLOROFORM EXTRACTED BARKS OF XYLOCARPUS MEKONGENESIS (LAMK.)

About Authors:
Zubair Khalid labu^1*, Mir Md. Abdullah Al –Mamun¹, Abdul Kader Mohiuddin¹, Razia Sultana Sumi¹, Md. Abdul Bake²
¹Department of Pharmacy, World university of Bangladesh, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
²Department of Pharmacy, Gono University, Savar, Dhaka-1344, Bangladesh.
*zubairlabu@yahoo.com

Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate, methanol and chloroform extract of barks of Xylocarpus mekongenesis (Lamk.). 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and nitric oxide scavenging were used for determining antioxidant activities. In DPPH free radical scavenging test, IC₅₀ value for methanol extract of Xylocarpus mekongenesis was found fairly significant 8.76±0.05 μg/ml when compared to the IC₅₀ values of the reference standards were ascorbic acid 3.41±0.07μg/ml and Butylated Hydroxyanisole 6.29±0.06μg/ml. The IC₅₀ values of the methanol extract and ascorbic acid were 55.88 ± 0.09 and 36.81 ±0.06 μg/ml, respectively in nitric oxide scavenging assay. Phytochemical screening of the bark extract indicated the presence of carbohydrate (reducing sugars), glycosides, saponins, tannins and flavonoids.Therefore, the obtained results suggest the antioxidant activities of the barks of Xylocarpus mekongenesis and thus provide the scientific basis for the traditional uses of this plant part as a remedy for inflammations.
25 February 2013

ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF SEED EXTRACTS OF Gynocardia Odorata ROXB. IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

About Author:
Urmila Moyal
NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University,
Shobha Nagar, Jaipur (Rajasthan)
urmilamoyal@gmail.com

Abstract:
The study was designed to evaluate antidiabetic activity of ethanolic and aqueous seed extracts of Gynocardia Odorata roxb.in streptozotocin induced diabetes in 2 days old pups models. The seeds were collected, authenticated and shade dried. Shade dried seeds were then grinded into coarse powder and processed for further studies. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared and the phytochemical screening was performed. Ethanolic and aqueous both extracts were evaluated for the antidiabetic activity by using the streptozotocin induced diabetes in 2 days old pups model. After 3 months of streptozotocin administration pups become diabetic then different treatment were given to animals. After 3 weeks treatment estimation of biological parameters like serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride were performed and body weight, water intake and food intake were also recorded. Histopathological study was performed to study the structure of islets of pancreas in different group of animals. After 3 weeks treatment of ethanolic and aqueous extracts, when the biological parameters i.e. serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride were estimated and compared with diabetic untreated group there was a significant decrease were observed. Treatment also reversed the loss of body weight and increased demand of food intake and water intake when compared with diabetic untreated group. From the above study we concluded that both ethanolic and aqueous, seed extracts of Gynocardia Odorata roxb.have antidiabetic activity, but the aqueous extract of Gynocardia Odorata roxb.showed more significance then ethanolic extract.
25 February 2013

EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF FRESH SOYA-BEAN OIL AVAILABLE IN BANGLADESH

ABOUT AUTHORS:
MR. Zubair Khalid labu^*1, Md. Abdul Bake², Razia Sultana^3

1,3Department of Pharmacy, World University of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh,²Department of Pharmacy, Gono University, Savar, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh.
* zubairlabu@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
Hydrogenated soya-bean oil is the product obtained by refining, bleaching, hydrogenation and deodorisation of oil obtained from seeds ofGlycine soja Sieb. and Zucc. andGlycine max (L.) Merr. (G. hispida (Moench) Maxim.). Soya-bean oilis a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the soybean. It is plant based and less harmful saturated fats and offers nutrition and health related benefits. The main objective of this work has been done for the evaluation and analyzing the quality of soya-bean oil available in local market. For the examination of soyabean oil six fresh samples of different sources were collected randomly from the market. British pharmacopoeia (BP) specifications were used for the determination of acid, peroxide and iodine value. The results were compared with the standard specified by Bangladesh standard and testing institute (BSTI). After three months study we observed that physical examination of all the samples were complies with the specification and chemical examination such as, In case of peroxide value, all the samples were found to comply with the specification and only two (S-5 and S-6) of them have comparatively higher value but remain within the limit. But In case of iodine value, five samples were within the limit, and only one sample (S-6) was out of specification. After over third month analysis we observed that all the sample value were higher than from first month study. The consumers which have to take this spurious product must be careful to take this because it may be harmful if adulterated.
22 February 2013

MODERN METHODS OF VOLATILE OIL EXTRACTION: A REVIEW

About Authors:
*Kambham Venkateswarlu, Billu Guruprasad
Sri Lakshmi Narasimha College of Pharmacy,
Palluru, Chittoor-517132, Andhra Pradesh, India.
*k.v.reddy9441701016@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants. Essential oils are also known as volatile oils, ethereal oils or aetherolea, or simply as the oil of the plant from which they were extracted, such as oil of clove.
Extractions use two immiscible phases to separate a solute from one phase into the other. The distribution of a solute between two phases is an equilibrium condition described by partition theory. Boiling tea leaves in water extracts the tannins, theobromine, and caffeine (the good stuff) out of the leaves and into the water. More typical lab extractions are of organic compounds out of an aqueous phase and into an organic phase.
21 February 2013

A REVIEW ON BIOLOGICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FICUS SPECIES

About Author:
T.Siva kala*, D.Swarnalatha, M.Sreenivasulu, C.Gopinath.
Annamacharya College Of Pharmacy,
Rajampet, Kadapa.
*tallam.sivakala@gmail.com
18 February 2013

AN OVERVIEW OF MIRACULOUS VEGETABLE DRUG - DIOSCOREA (YAM)

ABOUT AUTHORS:
Prashanta kr. Deb¹, Tejendra Bhakta^2*,
¹Dept. of Pharmacy, Tripura University; Suryamaninagar –799 022, Agartala, Tripura (w).
²Regional Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Abhoynagar – 799005, Agartala, Tripura (w).
shaandeb2010@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION
Dioscorea is a slender twining annual herbs distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical region of the world. Dioscorea is a fascinating plant with many uses in the history of the development of modern pharmacy. The number of species is quite overwhelming (over 600) and the Ethno-botanical uses are most interesting. Dioscorea is a genus of over 600 species of flowering plants in the family Dioscoreaceae. They are tuberous herbaceous perennial climber, growing to 2–12 m or more tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, mostly broad heart-shaped. The flowers are individually inconspicuous, greenish-yellow, with six petals; they are mostly dioecious, with separate male and female plants, though a few species are monoecious, with male and female flowers on the same plant. The fruit is a capsule in most species, a soft berry in a few species. Several species, known as yams, are important agricultural crops in tropical regions, grown for their large tubers. Some species produces large cylindrical tubers penetrating deep into the ground, while other varieties produce small or large tubers close to the soil surface. Sometimes 1-2 tubers are produce at the base of the plant while in the other cases cluster of tubers are observed. Many of these are toxic when fresh, but can be detoxified and eaten, and are particularly important in parts of Africa, and Asia.
18 February 2013

EVALUATION OF ANTIDOTE ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF MUSA SAPIENTUM LINN. ON RATS

About Authors:
Vishnu Dev ^1*, Rajiv saxena ²
¹ Truba Institute of pharmacy, Bhopal.
² Assoc. Professor, Truba Institute of pharmacy, Bhopal
*vishnudev2007@rediffmail.com

Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the anti-dote activity of the methanolic and aqueous extract of musa sapientum. The extract was evaluated by physical and serum biochemical parameters as TC and TG. Anti-dote activity of both extract was determined by acute and chronic codeine poisoning,
Acute opioid intoxication and overdose are common causes of presentation to emergency departments. Although naloxone, a pure opioid antagonist, has been available for many years, there is still confusion over the appropriate dose and route of administration. This article looks at the reasons for this uncertainty and undertakes a literature review from which a treatment algorithm is presented.
The anti-dote activity of musa sapientum leaves against codeine induced acute and chronic poisoning was studied in Wistar albino rats. The various fractions of the leaf extract were administered orally (200 mg/kg) simultaneously with codeine (32m g/kg) for 5-10 days. At the end of the experiment, levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol content were measured. Administration of codeine produced a CNS depressant activity and causes poisioning. There was a significant increase in total cholesterol and triglycerides when compared to normal control. physical observation indicated that simultaneous administration of the fractions delayed the onset of toxicity. All the fractions prevented the poisoning damage caused codeine overdose. The leaves of musa sapientum protected the CNS against codeine damage which may be due to its antagonist activity of codeine.
8 February 2013

STANDARDIZATION OF HERBAL DRUGS/PRODUCTS: BOON TO INDIAN PHARMA MARKET

About Author:
Swati Manik
Department of Pharmacognosy,
I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab
swatimanik@yahoo.in
29 January 2013

HEALING ANXIETY WITH HERBS

About Author:
Bhatt Mehul K,
Asst.professor, PhD continue
Department of Pharmacognosy,
Shivam Pharmaceutical Studies & Research Centre,
Valasan-388 326, Anand-380 015, Gujarat, India.
mkb_0999@yahoo.co.in

Abstract:
Now-a-days many people of the world are suffering from anxiety, stress and depression. They experience feelings of anxiety before an important event such as exam, business deal or first date. Anxiety disorders however are illness that fills people^’s lives with unreal & imaginary fear that are chronic, unremitting and can grow progressively worse. By now, most of us know that anxiety is quite a common complaint and many people have tried some of the various medications used for anxiety. But many don’t know that there are a variety of herbs available used to treat anxiety in natural way. This article includes, “What is Anxiety?” Herbs used to cure Anxiety, depression, and Stress”, and “Natural Self-Healing”.
28 January 2013

Herbal Cosmetics: A safe and effective approach

About Author:
Bhuwanchandra Joshi,
Division of Pharmaceutical Science
SHRI GURU RAM RAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES,
PATEL NAGAR, DEHRADUN, UTTARAKHAND
*bhuwan.joshi000@gmail.com

Abstract:
The concept of beauty and cosmetics is as ancient as mankind and civilization. Women are obsessed with looking beautiful. So, they use various beauty products that have herbs to look charming and young. Indian herbs and its significance are popular worldwide. An herbal cosmetic have growing demand in the world market and is an invaluable gift of nature. Herbal formulations always have attracted considerable attention because of their good activity and comparatively lesser or nil side effects with synthetic drugs. Herbs and spices have been used in maintaining and enhancing human beauty. Indian women have long used herbs such as Sandalwood and Turmeric for skin care, Henna to color the hair, palms and soles; and natural oils to perfume their bodies. Not too long ago, elaborate herbal beauty treatments were carried out in the royal palaces of India to heighten sensual appeal and maintain general hygiene. The herbal cosmetics manufactured and used commonly for daily purpose include herbal face wash, herbal conditioner, herbal soap, herbal shampoo etc. The industry is now focusing on the growing segment with a vast scope of manifold expansion in coming years. Herbal cosmetics are defined as the beauty products which posses desirable physiological activity such as healing, smoothing appearance, enhancing and conditioning properties because of herbal ingredient. Here we reported the introduction, classification, common herbs used in cosmetics.

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