Review Articles

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About Authors:
Dr.Rakesh K. Sharma
M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Applied Chemistry Department,
Faculty of Technology & Engineering,
The M. S. University of Baroda,
Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
rksharmamsu@gmail.com

Abstract
Surfactant, as an abbreviation of “surface active agent”, is an organic compound that is amphiphilic comprising both hydrophilic groups(commonly referred to as “polar heads”) and hydrophobic groups(“nonpolar tails”). Based on the electron charges of the polar head parts, surfactants are classified as anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic. Many other pecular class of compounds also categorized in the types of gemini, cyclodextrin based, polymeric surfactants etc. Due to their some interesting properties such as nontoxicity, higher rate of biodegradability, high foaming capacity and optimal activity at extreme conditions like temperatures, pH and salinity, surfactants have been increasingly attracting the attention of the scientific and industrial community. Biocompatible, biodegradable, and/or nontoxic emulsion-based formulations of surfactants have great potential for applications in the food preparation and processing. Basics of surfactants and mainly there way of utility as food emulsifiers in food industries is thoroughly discussed.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Vishwanadham Yerragunta*^{1, 2}, Pratima patil², S. Srujana², Roopa Devi², R.Gayathri¹, Srujana¹, Aary Divya^2
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sitha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh.
²Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Narsapur, Medak, Andhra Pradesh.
vishwanadham.y@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Benzimidazole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. This bicyclic compound consists of the fusion of benzene and imidazole. Heterocyclic compounds are occupied prominent place among various class of aromatic organic compounds. Benzimidazole are having a variety of therapeutic uses including antitumor, antifungal, antiparasitic, analgesics, antiviral, antihistamine, as well as use in cardiovascular disease, neurology, endocrinology, and ophthalmology.

About Authors:
Languluri Reddenna¹*, Sree Nagavalli K^2
1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India-516003
²Department of Pharmacy Practice, S.J.M College of Pharmacy, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India-577502
*reddennapharmd@gmail.com

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Deepak Kumar*, Palak Kapoor
Shoolini University,
Solan, Himachal Pradesh
deepakkaushik354@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
The oral delivery of drugs having narrow absorption window in the gastro-intestinal tract is limited by poor bioavailability with conventional dosage forms due to incomplete drug release and short residence time at the time of absorption. To provide controlled delivery of drugs novel drug delivery systems have been developed. Different systems have been developed to increase the gastric residence time viz. floating system, mucoadhesive, high density, expandable. Among all oral dosage forms, liquid orals are more prone to low bioavailability due to fast transit time from stomach to duodenum. Sustained/Controlled delivery can be achieved by decrease in the transit time of the dosage form. This can be augmented by an approach of liquid in-situ gelling system. These in-situ formulations are the drug delivery systems that are in sol form before administration in the body, but when administered, undergo gelation, in-situ, to form a gel. Formation of gel depends on various factors viz. temperature modulation, pH change, presence of ions, ultra-violet irradiation, from which drug releases in a sustained and controlled fashion. Different polymers which can be used for formation of in-situ gel include gellan gum, alginic acid, xyloglucan, pectin, chitosan, poly-caprolactone, poly-lactic acid, poly-lactic-co-glycolide. This article presents a detailed review of introduction, approaches to achieve in situ gelling system, polymers used, evaluation parameters, advantages of in situ gelling system.

About Authors:
Languluri Reddenna¹*, Sree Nagavalli K^2
1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India-516003
²Department of Pharmacy Practice, S.J.M College of Pharmacy, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India-577502
*reddennapharmd@gmail.com

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About Authors:
¹Amita Pandey,²Dr. Shalini Tripathi
¹Research student of Rameshwaram Institute of Technology and Management, Sitapur Road, Lucknow (U.P.)
²Professor of Rameshwaram Institute of Technology and Management, Sitapur Road, Lucknow (U.P.)
pandey.amita2012@gmail.com

Abstract
The AIDS pandemic is one of the most disastrous health and development issue in our world today. Tissue culturing of medicinal plants is widely used to produce active compounds for herbal and pharmaceutical industries. Natural products provide a large reservoir for screening of anti-HIV agents with novel structure and anti-viral mechanism because of their structural diversity. This work reviews in vitro micro propagation techniques and gives examples of various commercially important medicinal plants. Advantages-To produce many copies in any time of the same plants then which may be used to produce plants with better flowers, odour’s, fruits or any other properties of the plants that is beneficial to the human beings. Conclusion- HIV is the most common untreated word wide disease in now a days and Plant tissue culture is most important technique for growing new plant species in proper aseptic condition which are useful for the cure of HIV. Acknowledgement- I would like to record my gratitude to my esteemed respected guide Dr. (Prof.) ShaliniTripathi, Department of Pharmacy, Rameshwaram Institute of Technology and Management

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About Authors:
Patel Rahul R.*, Dr Kanu R Patel, Dr Mukesh R Patel
Department of Pharmaceutics,
Shri B.M.Shah College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
Dhansura Road College campus Modasa,
Dist:- Arvali. Pin code:- 383315 Gujarat, (india)
rahulrpatel21089@yahoo.com

Abstract
Micro emulsion based Gel formulation provides better application property and stability & makes it dual control release system in comparison to cream and ointment. Topical Microemulsion based gel drug administration is a localized drug delivery system anywhere in the body through ophthalmic, rectal, vaginal and skin as topical routes. Many advantages of gels a major limitation is in the delivery of hydrophobic drugs. So to overcome this limitation an Microemulsion based approach is being used so that even a hydrophobic therapeutic moiety can enjoy the unique properties of gels. Whenever, it is used for fungal disease for topical delivery system, it is good for compare to oral delivery. When gels and Micro emulsions are used in combined form the dosage form are referred as Microemulsion based gel. Skin is one of the most extensive and readily accessible organs on human body for topical administration and is main route of topical drug delivery system. It is prepared by mixing an oil-in-water type or water-in-oil type emulsion with a gelling agent.The use of Micro emulsion based gels can be extended in analgesics and antifungal drugs.

ABOUT AUTHORS:
¹Rashmi Verma, ²Rakesh Tiwle
¹Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Bhilai, 491024, C.G
²Shri Laxmanrao Maker Institute of Pharmacy, Amgaon, Gondia, Maharashtra, India- 441902.
rashmi.verma501@gmail.com
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ABSTRACT
In the ancient age COPD has a variable natural history and not all individuals follow the same course about 15-20% of smokers develop clinically significant COPD. It is characterized by the airflow obstruction that is not fully reversible. It is predominantly caused by smoking, particularly occupational exposures, may also contribute to the development of COPD. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is diagnosed using a medical device called a spirometer, which measures air volume and flow, the main components of common clinical breathing tests (pulmonary function tests). Long-term exposure to lung irritants that damage the lungs and the airways usually is the cause of COPD. In this article we are focus about and detail review on the COPD.