Seth G.L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education

28 December 2012

INSTRUMENTATION OF ESR SPECTROSCOPY

About Authors:
Lila dhar^*1,Surender Jalandra
¹Seth G. L. Bihani S. D. College Of Technical Education,
Institute Of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research,
Gaganpath, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan 335001
*ldbudania@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) is a powerful tool for investigating paramagnetic species, including organic radicals, inorganic radicals, and triplet states. The basic principles behind EPR are very similar to the more ubiquitous nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), except that EPR focuses on the interaction of an external magnetic field with the unpaired electron(s) in a molecule, rather than the nuclei of individual atoms. EPR has been used to investigate kinetics, mechanisms, and structures of paramagnetic species and along with general chemistry and physics, has applications in biochemistry, polymer science, and geosciences. The use of cavity stabilised Impatt diode oscillators for ESR spectroscopy is discussed in different experimental conditions: i.e. as microwave sources in reflection cavity homodyne spectrometers, and as marginal oscillators in which the oscillator cavity (a TE₀₁₁ cylindrical cavity) is the observing cavity. The sensitivity of this second configuration has been theoretically evaluated for the case in which the Impatt itself is used as a detecting element and in which an external detector is used. For each situation the sensitivity has been measured with a DPPH sample at various power levels giving a sensitivity which is comparable with the best commercial units.
28 December 2012

VALIDATION OF DRY HEAT STERILIZATION METHODS

About Authors:
Lila dhar*¹, Surender Jalandra
¹ Seth G. L. Bihani S. D. College Of Technical Education,
Institute Of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research,
Gaganpath, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan 335001
*ldbudania@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Dry heat is sometimes used for sterilization instead of the much more efficient moist heat because some materials are sensitive to moisture. Dry heat is often used to ensure that glass and other laboratory equipment is free of pyrogenic material. The process of sterilization within a chamber or hot air tunnel is a critical process and there is a regulatory requirement for validation of the process in most countries. Validation is defined as the documented procedure of obtaining, recording and interpreting results to ensure that the dry heat sterilization process has been and will be consistently effective. Dry heat sterilizer validation consists of accurately measuring the temperature at critical points within the sterilization chamber throughout the process. Dry heat process generally employs a temperature between 250°C and 400°C for varying time. The sterilizer is required to heat all parts of its load up to the specified temperature for a specified period long enough to achieve the desired sterility.
25 December 2012

FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF SELETRACETAM FAST DISSOLVING TABLET

About Authors:
Liladhar*
¹Seth G. L. Bihani S. D. College Of Technical Education,
Institute Of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research,
Gaganpath, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan 335001
ldbudania@gmail.com*

ABSTRACT:
The objective of the present research was to prepare fast disintegrating tablet of Seletracetam because of its application in epilepsy and convulsion related problem. Fast on set of action and avoidance of abundant of water in oral route. Which is highly desirable in this type of disease condition. The effect of formulation and process variables such as hardness, disintegration time, and in vitro dissolution and physical characteristics of fast dissolving tablet were examined on optimized drug/super disintegrant ratio by 32 factorial designs. During the work tablets were prepared by direct compression using Kyron T-314 and sodium starch Glycolate as super disintegrant ,where MCC,Lactose monohydrate for direct compression, aspartame as sweetner.The different powder blends were evaluated for pre-formulation parameters such as bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose,carr’s index,hausner’s ratio. The tablets were evaluated for post-compression parameters such as weight variation, Tablet hardness and tablet friability. In vitro Disintegration test, tablet thickness, in vitro dissolution profile. All the physical characteristics of powder blend and fibrillated tablet were within acceptable limits. The result of Dissolution studies indicated that formulation F7 release 98.70% of drug at 25 min interval which give the most successful of study.F7 batch contain Seletracetam (Drug), SSG(4%), kyron T-314(2%) and other excipients.F7 batch was the optimized batch since it showed of Disintegration time(17sec),friability(0.91%) and %Drug release (98.70%).
17 December 2012

MICROBIAL ASSAY OF ANTIBIOTICS

About Authors:
Nilesh Sovasia*, Arshad Hala
Seth G.L.Bihani S.D.College Of Technical Education,
Institute Of Pharmaceutical Science & Drug Research,
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
*nilesh.sovasia@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
The microbiological assay of an antibiotic is based upon a comparison of the inhibition of growth of micro-organisms by measured concentrations of the antibiotics under examination with that produced by known concentrations of a standard preparation of the antibiotic having a known activity.

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13 December 2012

CONCEPT AND PHILOSOPHY OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENTS

About Authors:
Amit A. Patel
Seth G. L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education,
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research,
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, INDIA.
amitpatelmx@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Quality is critical in achieving competitiveness in domestic and global market. Quality is a journey starting from design, to conformance, and ends at better performance. This process considers quality as a ‘never ending’ improvement. The success of TQM mainly depends on the achievement of internal as well as external customer satisfaction. Internal customer satisfaction is a prerequisite to achieve external customer satisfaction.

If Employees are to identify and correct quality problems, then they have to use some quality tools. Quality circles are also known as work improvement or quality teams. the quality circle is a small group of employees who voluntarily meet at regular times to identify, analyse and solve quality and other problems in their working environment.
12 December 2012

A REVIEW ON QUALITY CONTROL OF HERBAL DRUGS

About Authors:
R.C. Gedar¹*, Rakesh Sharma², Sanjeev Sharma²
¹Seth G. L. Bihani S. D. college of technical education, IPSDR, Sriganganagar (Raj.)
²J. C. D. M. Pharmacy College, Sirsa (Hry.)
*rcgedar@gmail.com

Abstract
This review highlights the current advances in knowledge about the safety, efficacy and quality control of botanical medicines. Phytotherapeutic agents are standardized herbal preparations consisting of complex mixtures of one or more plants which contain as active ingredients plant parts or plant material in the crude or processed state. A marked growth in the worldwide phytotherapeutic market has occurred over the last 15 years. For the European and USA markets alone, this will reach about $7 billion and $5 billion per annum, respectively, in 1999, and hasthus attracted the interest of most large pharmaceutical companies. Insufficient data exist for most plants to guarantee their quality, efficacy and safety. The idea that herbal drugs are safe and free from side effects is false.
11 December 2012

CHROMATOGRAPHY- AN INTRODUCTION

About Authors:
Amit A. Patel
Seth G. L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education,
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research,
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, INDIA.
amitpatelmx@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Chromatography may be defined as method of separating a mixture of components into individual component through equilibrium distribution between two phases. chromatography is based on the differences in the rate at which components of mixture moves through a porous medium ( called stationary phase ) under the influence of some solvent or gas ( called moving phase ). Graph showing detector response as a function of a time is called Chromatogram. The true separation of two consecutive peak on a chromatogram is measured by resolution.

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10 December 2012

X-ray APPLICATION

About Authors:
Nilesh Sovasia, Prof.Sanjeev Thacker, Arshad Hala
Seth G.L.Bihani S.D.College Of Technical Education,
Institute Of Pharmaceutical Science & Drug Research,
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
*nilesh.sovasia@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
X-rays have a smaller wavelength than visible light, they have higher energy. With their higher energy, X-rays can penetrate matter more easily than can visible light. Their ability to penetrate matter depends on the density of the matter, and thus X-rays provide a powerful tool in medicine for mapping internal structures of the human body.
9 December 2012

A REVIEW ON STUDENT t-TEST

About Authors:
Ram Chandra*, Abhimanyu, Dr. Ashutosh Aggarwal
Seth G.L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education,
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research,
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, INDIA
*rcgedar@gmail.com

1. Introduction
Biostatistics is contraction of biology and statistics, sometimes referred to as biometry or biometrics, is the application of statistics to a wide range of topics in biology. The science of biostatistics encompasses the design of biological experiments, especially in medicine and agriculture; the collection, summarization, and analysis of data from those experiments; and the interpretation of, and inference from, the results. Hypothesis testing determines the validity of the assumption with a view to choose between two conflicting hypotheses about the value of a population parameter. Hypothesis testing helps to decide on the basis of a sample data, whether a hypothesis about the population is likely to be true or false. Statisticians have developed several tests of hypotheses (also known as the tests of significance) for the purpose of testing of hypotheses which can be classified as:- (a) Parametric tests or standard tests of hypotheses, and (b) Non-parametric tests or distribution-free test of hypotheses. Parametric tests usually assume certain properties of the parent population from which we draw samples. Assumptions like observations come from a normal population, sample size is large, assumptions about the population parameters like mean, variance, etc., must hold good before parametric tests can be used. But there are situations when the researcher cannot or does not want to make such assumptions. In such situations we use statistical methods for testing hypotheses which are called non-parametric tests because such tests do not depend on any assumption about the parameters of the parent population. Besides, most non-parametric tests assume only nominal or ordinal data, whereas parametric tests require measurement equivalent to at least an interval scale. (Bolton Sanford 2004, Jakel James et.al. 2001)
7 December 2012

H-NMR SPECTROSCOPY: AN INTRODUCTION

About Authors:
Arshad Hala*, Prof. Rajesh Dholpuria, Nilesh sovasia
Seth G. L. Bihani S. D. College Of Technical Education,
Institute Of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research,
Gaganpath, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan 335001
*Arshad_hala@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:
Over the past fifty years nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, commonly referred to as NMR, has become the preeminent technique for determining the structure of organic compounds. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an analytical chemistry technique used in quality control and research for determining the content and purity of a sample as well as its molecular structure. For example, NMR can quantitatively analyze mixtures containing known compounds. For unknown compounds, NMR can either be used to match against spectral libraries or to infer the basic structure directly. Once the basic structure is known, NMR can be used to determine molecular conformation in solution as well as studying physical properties at the molecular level such as conformational exchange, phase changes, solubility, and diffusion.Of all the spectroscopic methods, it is the only one for which a complete analysis and interpretation of the entire spectrum is normally expected. Although larger amounts of sample are needed than for mass spectroscopy, NMR is non-destructive, and with modern instruments good data may be obtained from samples weighing less than a milligram. To be successful in using NMR as an analytical tool, it is necessary to understand the physical principles on which the methods are based.