The JNU campus is a microcosm of the Indian nation, drawing students from every nook and corner of the country and from every group and stratum of society.

Akums Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Limited; Haridwar, Uttaranchal (India) was established & formed in the year 2004 by Shri D. C. Jain, Shri Sanjeev Jain & Shri Sandeep Jain, the Promoter Directors, having over 30 years of experience in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing.

Iatros Pharmaceuticals is the fastest growing ,multicrore organization having strong presence in various therapeutic segments. All Brands in our Product Portfolio have established good equity among medical fraternity.

Post: Area Business Manager

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About Authors: Deepti Maithani *, Vikas Jain
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Meerut

Reference ID: PHARMATUTOR-ART-1084

Introduction
From the ancient time it has been the endeavor of the physician and the apothecary to provide patients with the best possible forms of medicine, for recovery from disease faster and completely within minimum adverse effects. Paul Ehrlich in1902 initiated the era of targeted delivery,who proposed drug delivery to be as magic bullet. An ideal drug delivery system is that fulfils the objective of spatial placement and temporal delivery resulting maximized therapeutic effect and least toxicity. With the progress in time and growth of science and technology, the dosage forms have evolved from simple mixtures and pills, to highly sophisticated technology intensive systems, which are known as novel drug delivery systems (NDDS). (1) A different approaches have materialized into various forms of NDDS such as microemulsions, multiple emulsions, liposomes, niosomes, micospheres, pharmacosomes, virosomes, dendrimers, etc.. Most often the problems associated with these delivery systems are their stability and predictability in biological systems which reduce their clinical potential, although each one is associated with its own strong points. Nanotechnology is a rapidly expanding field today. According to the National Nanotechnology Initiative (U.S) nanotechnology is broadly defined as the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. (2) . Most often the problems associated with these delivery systems are their stability and predictability in biological systems which reduce their clinical potential, although each one is associated with its own strong points.

Dr. Reddy's Laboratories (NYSE: RDY) is an emerging global pharmaceutical company with proven research capabilities. The company is vertically integrated with a presence across the pharmaceutical value chain. It produces finished dosage forms, active pharmaceutical ingredients and biotechnology products and markets them globally, with focus on India, US, Europe and Russia.

National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) is the first national level institute in pharmaceutical sciences with a proclaimed objective of becoming a centre of excellence for advanced studies and research in pharmaceutical sciences. The Government of India has declared NIPER as an ‘Institute of National Importance’.

Technical education in India contributes a major share to the overall education system and plays a vital role in the social and economic development of our nation. In India, technical education is imparted at various levels such as: craftsmanship, diploma, degree, post-graduate and research in specialized fields, catering to various aspects of technological development and economic progress.

1942 saw nationalistic fervor reaching new peaks as the nation struggled for Independence. It was about the same time that a young man, Mr. Amratlal, struggled to face the might of the pharmaceutical multinationals. Through his untiring efforts was born the Bombay Tablet Company.

The Training and Development effort at Colgate-Palmolive is a direct outcome of the Individual Development Plan and the Business need. The business critical and individual specific needs are identified every year and a training needs inventory is drawn up.

Vivspan Labs having collaboration with TOSC International (P) Ltd., Meridian Medicare Ltd., Odin Healthcare (P) Ltd., is enhancing quality of life by providing healthcare solutions since 25 years. The concern is incorporated as a Lab under the companies Act during the year 2010. It started its commercial activities during 2011.

About Authors: Sahil Sharma

Reference ID: PHARMATUTOR-ART-1083

Introduction
One hundred years ago Scottish chemist Andrew Norman Meldrum synthesized a substance [1] that later obtained his name. To date Meldrum’s acid is one of the most useful reagents in the synthesis of heterocycles. In contrast to the great popularity of Meldrum’s acid, its discoverer remains almost unknown for the majority of chemists.
Andrew Norman Meldrum [2] was born on 19th March, 1876, in a small burgh, Alloa, Scotland. In 1899 he received his B.Sc. with ?rst-class honors (chemistry) from the University of Aberdeen, where he worked as a research assistant with Francis Robert Japp [3].  
In his ?rst independent publication [1], he studied the reaction between acetone and malonic acid and, following the suggestion of Prof. Japp, employed a mixture of acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid as condensing agent. From elemental analysis data, in conjunction with previous results and the acidic properties of the ?nal compound, he formulated the structure of the product to be β-lactone of β-hydroxyisopropylmalonic acid 1 (Scheme 1).

About Authors: Shahin Shahida, Seema Kathait

Reference ID: PHARMATUTOR-ART-1082

Abstract
In this report, we explored the mechanisms underlying keratinocyte-specific and differentiation-specific gene expression in the skin. We have identified five keratinocyte-specific, open chromatin regions that exist within the 6 kb of 5' upstream regulatory sequence known to faithfully recapitulate the strong endogenous keratin 5 (K5) promoter and/or enhancer activity. One of these, DNase I-hypersensitive site (HSs) 4, was unique in that it acted independently to drive abundant and keratinocyte-specific reporter gene activity in culture and in transgenic mice, despite the fact that it was not essential for K5 enhancer activity. We have identified evolutionarily conserved regulatory elements and a number of their associated proteins that bind to this compact and complex enhancer element. The 125-bp 3' half of this element (referred to as 4.2) is by far the smallest known strong enhancer element possessing keratinocyte-specific activity in vivo. Interestingly, its activity is restricted to a subset of progeny of K5-expressing cells located within the sebaceous gland. The other half of HSs 4 (termed 4.1) possesses activity to suppress sebocyte-specific expression and induce expression in the channel (inner root sheath) cells surrounding the hair shaft. Our findings lead us to a view of keratinocyte gene expression which is determined by multiple regulatory modules, many of which contain AP-2 and/or Sp1/Sp3 binding sites for enhancing expression in skin epithelium, but which also harbor one or more unique sites for the binding of factors which determine specificity. Through mixing and matching of these modules, additional levels of specificity are obtained, indicating that both transcriptional repressors and activators govern the specificity.

National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) is the first national level institute in pharmaceutical sciences with a proclaimed objective of becoming a centre of excellence for advanced studies and research in pharmaceutical sciences. The Government of India has declared NIPER as an ‘Institute of National Importance’.

Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, popularly known as CIMAP, is a frontier plant research laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).

Banaras Hindu University ranks among the first few in the country in the field of academic and research output. This university has two campuses, 3 institutes, 16 faculties, 140 departments, 4 advanced centers and 4 interdisciplinary schools.

Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Patna was established in the memory of the First President of Republic of India Deshratna Dr. Rajendra Prasad in the year 1963 with Asthma as its mandate. It was taken over by Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi on 1st April, 1984 under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India and thereafter the main thrust area is Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar).

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The Government of India, through the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), and based on the recommendation of Scientific Advisory Council to the Prime Minister, decided to create five undergraduate science universities. One of them is located at Kolkata and was started from 2006.

National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) was founded by Sir Robert McCarrison in the year 1918 as ‘Beri-Beri’ Enquiry Unit in a single room laboratory at the Pasteur Institute, Coonoor, Tamil Nadu. Within a short span of seven years, this unit blossomed into a "Deficiency Disease Enquiry" and later in 1928, emerged as full-fledged "Nutrition Research Laboratories" (NRL) with Dr. McCarrison as its first Director. It was shifted to Hyderabad in 1958.