Research Articles

About Authors:
Gunjan Kalyani*, Vishal S. Deshmukh, Pranita Kashyap, Ram D. Bawankar, Yogesh Vaishnav, Deepak Biswas
Shri Rawatpura Sarkar Institute of Pharmacy,
Behind power grid, Kumhari, Durg, Chhattisgarh
*kalyani.gunjan@yahoo.in

Abstract
Clopidogrel bisulfate is an inhibitor of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation acting by direct inhibition of ADP binding to its receptor and of the subsequent ADP-mediated activation of the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex. Objective of the present study is to develop a simple, sensitive, accurate, precise and rapid derivative spectrophotometric method for the estimation of clopidogrel in pure form. For the estimation of clopidogrel, solvent system employed was 0.1 N HCl and wavelength of detection (λ_det) was 284.3 nm for fourth order derivative spectroscopy. The linearity was obtained in the range 42 – 336 µg/ml. The limit of detection is 6.7 µg/ml and limit of quantification was fund to be 20.4 µg/ml. Obtained results showed that there is minimum intra day and inter day variation. The developed method was validated and recovery studies were also carried out. Sample recovery using the above method was in good agreement with their respective labeled claim, thus suggesting the validity of the method and non-interference of formulation excipients in the estimation. Fourth order derivative spectroscopic method is simple, rapid and reproducible and further it can be used for the analysis.

About Authors:
Gunjan Kalyani*, Vishal S. Deshmukh, Pranita Kashyap, Ram D. Bawankar, Yogesh Vaishnav, Deepak Biswas
Shri Rawatpura Sarkar Institute of Pharmacy,
Behind power grid, Kumhari, Durg, Chhattisgarh
*kalyani.gunjan@yahoo.in

Abstract:
A simple, rapid and precise and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of candesartan. The method involves a simple technique using Irbesartan as internal standard. HPLC separation was achieved using C18 Intersil column (256 x 4.6 id) with an isocratic mobile phase composed of selected methanol: 10 mM Phosphate buffer [75:25 % v/v. pH 3.0] at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with UV detection was performed at 256 nm. The retention time of candesartan and internal standard was found to be 1.96 and 3.33 min respectively. The assay was validated for the parameters like accuracy, precision, robustness and system suitability parameters. The method was validated over a linear test concentration range of 80 - 120%. The recovery of the method was in between 99.0 - 101.0%. The proposed method was found to be accurate, precise, selective and rapid and it can be useful in the routine analysis for the determination of candesartan cilexetil in pharmaceutical dosage form.

About Authors:
Gunjan Kalyani^*, Vishal S. Deshmukh, Pranita Kashyap, Yogesh Vaishnav, Ajit Kumar Pandey
Shri Rawatpura Sarkar Institute of Pharmacy,
Kumhari, Durg, Chhattisgarh.
kalyani.gunjan@yahoo.in, rvg_54767@yahoo.co.in*

Abstract:
The IUPAC Name of Salmeterol is (RS)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-{1-hydroxy-2-[6-(4-phenylbutoxy) hexylamino]ethyl}phenol. Salmeterol is a prescription drug that is used for treating airway spasms in people with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). By relaxing the muscles around the airways to allow more air into and out of the lungs, the medication can help prevent asthma attacks from occurring.Salmeterol comes in the form of an inhalation powder and is generally used twice a day. Present research work deals with UV spectrophotometric method for the estimation of salmeterol in pure form. For the estimation of salmeterol, solvent system employed was ethanol and wavelength of detection (λ_det) was 252 nm. The linearity was obtained in the range 6 – 14 µg/ml, with a regression coefficient, R²= 0.999. The LOD & LOQ were found to be 4.99 µg/ml and 14.24 µg/ml respectively. Obtained results showed that there is minimum intra day and inter day variation. The developed method was validated and recovery studies were also carried out. Sample recovery using the above method was in good agreement with their respective labeled claims, thus suggesting the validity of the method and non-interference of formulation excipients in the estimation.

About Authors:
Rambabu.CH*, V. V. V. S. P. Apparao, Miss. M.  Muthulakshmi, V. Ananth.
aPG-Student, Department Of Pharmaceutical Analysis,
KMCH College of Pharmacy,
Kalapatti Road, Coimbatore– 641 048, INDIA.
*ramgepharma@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
At present, simultaneous determination of drugs in the combination dosage forms has been enjoying renaissance in the field of pharmaceutical analysis. Paracetamol, a classical antipyretic in combination with a novel antispasmodic drug, drotaverine hydrochloride provides a synergistic effect in the treatment of spasms. From the reviewed literature, it was simultaneous uv-spectrophotometric methods have not yet been developed for the determination and quantification of paracetamol and drotaverine hydrochloride. The λmax of paracetamol is 257 nm and that of drotaverine hydrochloride were scanned and found to be 308 nm, 352 nm. Both paracetamol and drotaverine hydrochloride were found to have significant absorbance of the λmax   of each other and total absorbance was equal to the sum of the absorbance of paracetamol and drotaverine hydrochloride individually measured. So the present study involves the uv-spectrophotometric method development for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol and drotaverine hydrochloride by using simultaneous equations method. The mean % recoveries from this method were found to be 100.76% and 100.17% for paracetamol and drotaverine hydrochloride respectively proving that the method is accurate.

About Authors:
Amar Patil*, Shraddha Kanase
M.Pharm (Pharmacology)    
Department Of Pharmacology, Tatyasaheb Kore College Of Pharmacy,
Warananagar. Dist;Kolhapur, India .
*appatil.tkcp@gmail.com

Abstract:
Solanum Xanthocarpumhas been known traditionally in Indian system of medicine for the treatment of various metabolic disease and disorders. Since, the present study was carried out to know its applicability in urolithiasis condition. In the present study, extracts of Solanum Xanthocarpumwas prepared with Ethanol and used for evaluation of antiurolithiatic activity. In this study we systematically evaluated its property by using Ethylene Glycol induced Albinorats. This study also involves state of the art animal model to elucidate its probable mechanism of industrial guidelines of FDA, USA for pre-clinical evaluation of anti-Nephrolithiasis drugs.

About Authors:
Chandorkar J.G.
Head, Analytical development laboratory
Indofil Industries Limited
Thane.
jchandorkar-icc@modi.com

Abstract-
2 methyl Imidazole is the active raw material in the manufacturing of  Micanazole Nitrate, Ketokenazole type Active pharma ceuticals. Imidazole is the Impurity which get form during manufacturing of 2Methyl Imidazole.
The Proposed Method is to determine the Impurity as well as Content in 2 Methyl Imidazole.

About Authors:
A.D.Taranalli, Dilip Patoliya*, Sonal Chanchlani, Vishal Patel, Keyur Makadiya
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics,
K.L.E. University’s College of Pharmacy, Belgaum.
*Dilip_patoliya@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:
Ulcerative colitis is a chronically recurrent inflammatory bowel disease of unknown origin in which oxidative stress has been implicated. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate possible protective effect of alcoholic extract of Aloe Vera against the drug induced model of colitis in rats. Induction of colitis by colonic administration of drugs(Acetic acid, Indomethacin and TNBS) cause severe microscopic inflammation of colon after 24 hrs of administration of one of any above  inducing agent, as assessed by the macroscopically. Microscopically colonic tissue showed ulceration, oedema and inflammatory cell infiltration. Biochemical estimation studies revealed decrease in serum levels of lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) may be due to increase in Colonic concentration of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF- α) and neutrophill infiltration index. Oxidative stress was indicated by reduced glutathione concentration (GSH) as well as increase in levels of lipid peroxidase (LPO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in colonic tissue. Pretreatment with Aloe Vera extract at a dose of (400mg/kg/day, orally),10 days before induction of colitis increase level of serum LDH and GHS, while colonic concentration of LPO and MPO was increased. It also showed decrease in macroscopic score. The findings of the present study provide evidence that Aloe Vera extract may be beneficial in inflammatory bowel disease.

About Authors:
*SOUMYA G., SRINIVAS S., NAVEEN KUMAR M., KRISHNA MOHAN C.
Department of Pharmacology,
St. John College of Pharmacy, Warangal,
Andhra Pradesh, India-5067371.
*sre_varma123@yahoo.co.in

Introducion:
Kidney stone formation or urolithiasis is a complex process that is a consequence of an imbalance between promoters and inhibitors in the kidneys. Even though the technological developments in the present medical practice the formation and growth of renal calculi continues to afflict humankind. Though various kinds of stone have been identified, calcium stones are the most common in human as well as rats. The rat experimental models of Calcium oxalate urolithiasis, induced by ethylene glycol alone, or in combination with other drugs such as ammonium chloride are often used to study the pathogenesis of kidney crystal deposition. The urolithiasis was induced by administration of gentamycin and calculi producing diet (5% ammonium oxalate in standard rat pellet feed) for 28 days to rats’ results in hyperoxaluria, Calcium oxalate crystalluria, and occasional deposition of CaOx crystals in the kidney.