Research Articles

28 March 2016

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS TO ENHANCE DISSOLUTION RATE OF LAMOTRIGINE BY USING SOLID DISPERSION TECHNIQUE

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Bhumi B. Patel¹*, Chainesh N. Shah², Rumit M. Shah³
¹Department of Pharmaceutics, Shree Naranjibhai Lalbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Umrakh, Gujarat, India.
² Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Gujarat, India
³ Department of Pharmacognosy, Shree Naranjibhai Lalbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Umrakh, Gujarat, India.
* patelbhumi198@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Lamotrigine belongs to biopharmaceutical classification systems; BCS class II (Low solubility & High permeability). In addition, it requires immediate therapeutic action. Hence, the main objective of this study is to improve the solubility by solid dispersion technique and formulate it as Orodispersible tablets to avert the problems of swallowing and to provide rapid onset of action. Lamotrigine solid dispersion was prepared by using PEG 6000 as solubility enhancers and formulated it into ODT by direct compression technique using different concentrations of Sodium Starch Glycolate, Cross Carmalose Sodium, and Kyron T-314 as cross linked polymers. The tablets were evaluated for various parameters and the results were found to be satisfactory. The batches batch containing Kyron T-314 as super disintegrant in 7% concentration, as they showed 95.75% drug release in 15 minutes with a disintegration time of 11 seconds which shows improved dissolution rate in compare to marketed formulation of Lamotrigine.
22 March 2016

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STUDIES FOR STANDARDISATION OF A MEDICINAL SPICE, THE FRUIT OF ILLICIUM VERUM HOOK. F.

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ABOUT AUTHORS
M. A. Rashid*, R. H. Zuberi
Pharmacognosy Section
Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine (RRIUM),
Aligarh, UP, India
* marashid212@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The fruit of Illicium verum Hook. f. of family Magnoliaceae has been utilized therapeutically as medicine as well as a spice. It is used to relieve a number of human ailments, owing to its properties as carminative, stimulant and appetizer. In order to set the quality standards, the market sample of the drug has been identified and standardized on the basis of Pharmacopoeial parameters, such as salient macro and microscopic characters, ash values, solubility, successive extractive values, thin layer chromatographic evaluations and U.V. spectroscopic analysis. Besides qualitative and quantitative estimations, fluorescence analysis of powdered drug has also been carried out in order to set standards for the crude drug.

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22 February 2016

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE BUCCAL PATCH

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ABOUT AUTHOR
S. Z. Chemate, Vaishali N. Garje*, Shubhada A. Gayake
Department of Pharmaceutics,
Padmashri Dr. Vithhalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation’s College of Pharmacy,
Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
*garjev@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The aim of present investigation was to design and evaluate, mucoadhesive buccal patch of Metformin hydrochloride, a BCS class II drug, to provide unidirectional sustained drug delivery to the buccal mucosa that has potential to enhance the bioavailability. The patches were prepared using HPMC K4M as a polymer, polyethylene glycol 400 as a plasticizer, by solvent casting technique. The patches, which were prepared by the solvent casting method, were smooth and elegant in appearance; were uniform in thickness, weight and drug content; showed no visible cracks; and showed good folding endurance. The amount of polymer, which significantly influenced characteristics like swelling index, mucoadhesive strength, diffusion study
4 February 2016

IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF GARUGA PINNATA LEAVES

ABOUT AUTHOR
Sonia Zaman
Department of Pharmacy,
Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka, Bangladesh
sonia_6995@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
Garuga pinnata (family: Burseraceae) has many traditional medicinal uses including as astringent, bronchodilator, stomachic, expectorant, pulmonary infection, antidiabetic etc. The present study is based on this plant to evaluate the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of G. pinnata leaves. Antimicrobial activity of chloroform extract was evaluated against four Gram positive bacteria Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Sarcina lutea, Staphylococcus aureus and five Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella paratyphi, Shigella dysentriae, Vibrio mimicus, and two common fungus Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans by applying disc diffusion method where Kanamycin disc (30 µg/disc) was used as reference standard. The chloroform extract of G. pinnata leaves showed very good antimicrobial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria and fungus A. niger. The most susceptible microorganism was S. paratyphi (19 mm zone of inhibition) followed by B. subtilis (15 mm zone of inhibition). The antioxidant activity of chloroform extract of G. pinnata leaves was evaluated spectrophotometrically using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for radical scavenging and ascorbic acid was used as standard. The extract exhibited strong DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC₅₀ value of 57.06 µg/ml as compared to the IC₅₀ value of the reference standard, ascorbic acid (37.21 µg/ml). The cytotoxic activity of G. pinnata was determined by brine shrimp lethality bioassay using vincristine sulfate as standard. The chloroform extract revealed significant cytotoxic activity with LC₅₀of 6.607 µg/ml whereas LC₅₀ of Vincristine sulphate was 6.026 µg/ml.

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29 December 2015

RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR QUANTIFICATION OF MEBENDAZOLE IN API AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Durgesh Rameshlal Parakh¹*, Jayshri K. Madagul¹, Harshad Rajendra Mene², Moreshwar P. Patil¹, Sanjay J. Kshirsagar^1

1 Department of Pharmaceutics,
MET’s Institute of Pharmacy, Adgaon, Nashik, Maharashtra, India.
² Department of Pharmaceutics,
Government College of Pharmacy, Osmanpura, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.
*aryanparakh57@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
A new simple and sensitive RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for quantification of Mebendazole in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) and pharmaceutical formulation.The gradient RP-HPLC method was developed on Agilent (India) C18 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μ column using mobile phase as acetonitrile: water pH 3.0 with orthophosphoric acid (90:10 v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and detection was carried out at 234 nm using UV-Visible detector (UV 3000 M). The method was validated linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, ruggedness, robustness, accuracy and specificity were found to be satisfactory. The method was found to be linear in the concentration range of 20-100 μ/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.999. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines and was proved to be specific, linear, accurate, precise and economical for the analysis of Mebendazole.
8 November 2015

ZERO ORDER AND FIRST ORDER DERIVATIVE SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF MOXIFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE AND KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE IN SIMULATED TEAR FLUID

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15 October 2015

EFFECTS OF GARLIC EXTRACTS ON THE MYOCARDIUM OF LEFT VENTRICLE OF THE HEART OF HIGH SALT FED ADULT WISTAR RATS

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
*Saka, O. S; Olayode, A. A; Adelodun, S. T
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology,
Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
olusolasaka1@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of garlic extracts on the morphology of myocardium of left ventricle of the heart and also determine the body weight and relative weight of the organs on high salt fed adult Wistar rats. Twenty-five healthy female Wistar rats weighing 130-180 g were randomly assigned into 5 groups of 5 rats each (Groups A, B, C, D and E). Rats in group A was fed with standard laboratory pellets, while groups B, C, D and E were fed on the high-salt diet for five weeks. Thereafter, daily administration of 50 mg kg^-1, 100 mg kg^-1 and 150 mg kg^-1 of the garlic extract were giving orally to groups C, D and E respectively for 3 weeks. The rats were sacrificed under ketamine anesthesia (5mg/kg i.m). The left ventricle of the heart was excised, processed routinely in paraffin wax and stained with routine special stained. Result showed significant decreased (p<0.05) in weight of all high salt fed groups when (F=46.90, p<0.05) compared with control. Whereas, treatment with garlic extract help in weight management in high salt fed+garlic extract treated groups and also no significant difference (p<0.05) in the relative heart weight when (F=1.773, p<0.05) compared the control with other groups. Histological results revealed morphological alterations in the left ventricle in high salt fed group. In conclusion, Garlic extract has ameliorative property at the level of 100 mg kg^-1 or 150 mg kg^-1 of the extract on high salt fed induced cardiac injury.
25 September 2015

BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF MANGIFERA INDICA (LINN) ON THE LIVER OF PLASMODIUM - INFECTED ALBINO MICE

ABOUT AUTGHORS:
*Olayode, Ahmed A¹; Ofusori, David A¹; Ogunniyi, Titus A. B²; Saka, Olusola S¹; Ajayi, Olusoji C³; Adewole, Oluwole S¹
¹Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
²Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
³Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
*olayodeahmed01@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to assess the biochemical effects of Mangifera indica on the liver function enzymes of Plasmodium – infected albino mice. Forty-two male Swiss albino mice, weighing between 20 and 25 g, were used for this research. The mice were randomly assigned into six groupsA, B, C, D, E and F of seven mice each. Groups B, C, D, E and F were infected with Plasmodium berghei. Group A was the negative control, group B was positive control. Mice in groups C, D and E were orally administered with Mangifera indica(MI) extract (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg body weight) respectively for 5 days starting from the 4th day of inoculation while mice in group F were orally administered with Artesunate for 5 days (3 mg/kg body weight on the first day and 1.5 mg/kg body weight for the next 4 days) starting from the 4th day of inoculation. The animals were left for another 14 days after treatment. Blood samples, collected through cardiac puncture, were centrifuged to obtain sera. Activities of ALT, AST and ALP as well as bilirubin concentration were measured from the sera using enzyme colorimetric methods. Dataobtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Mangifera indica extract has an ameliorative effect on the serum level of total bilirubin concentration but appeared to be less effective in reducing the activities of the liver function enzymes.
14 September 2015

EFFECT OF PULSATILLA ON POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME AND ITS ASSOCIATED CANCER

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Debpratim Chakraborty
Persuing M.Pharm (Pharmacognosy),
Jadavpur University, West bengal.
debpratim008@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is one of the most common female endocrine. Many papers reported the correlation between infertility that most eminently predisposes towards cancer in PCOS women from many years. From both clinical and experimental research one can conclude that correlation between PCOS and endometrial cancer is the strongest. Most studies on correlation between PCOS and ovarian cancer as well as breast cancer failed to show a link though Pulsatilla have a strong effect on it. Various synthetic drugs which mainly used in the treatment of PCOS and endometrial cancer but here the problem is those drugs has lots of side effect/Adverse effect so we should go with the natural product Pulsatilla Sp. Which is used on PCOSand various cancer. Pulsatilla is a well establish drug for PCOS with unknown mechanism of action. Deoxypodophyllotoxin, which was isolated from the roots of P. koreana, was found to inhibit the tube-like formation of HUVECs (human umbilical venous endothelial cells) and have a potent antitumor effect. The chemical constituent saponin D present in Pulsatilla root is responsible for the anti tumor activity. The results, which are expressed as Pulsatilla saponin D has such a potent antitumor effect (IR, 82 %) on a solid tumor, which is higher than Adriamycin (IR, 64%). 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid synthesized from Pulsatilla chinensis also shows anti tumoral activity. Though the potency of pulsatilla sp. Are less than synthetic marketed drugs but by structural modification we may get potent anti canceral agent with least toxicity by Pulsatilla.
2 September 2015

EVLUATION OF EFFECTS OF COMMIPHORA WIGHTII IN DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE (DHEA) INDUCED POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS) IN RATS

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