Review Articles

21 October 2012

FORMULATION AND INVITRO EVALUATION OF IMMEDIATE RELEASE FOR QUETIAPINE FUMARATE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM

About Authors:
Ashokkumar.m*, M.Senthil kumar, Dinesh, Jenish, Marshel, Hariharan
Annai veilankanni’s college of pharmacy
Saidapet, Chennai-600015, Tamilnadu
*mgashokkumar123@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Atypical antipsychotic Quetiapine was used for the treatment of schizophrenia is a severe illness with substantial effects on individual and social functioning, Quetiapine and its active metabolite N-desalkyl-Quetiapine have affinities to dopaminergic D1-and D2receptors,5-HT2 receptors. To design of immediate release dosage form of quetiapine fumarate that will help in releasing drug with short period of time. The quetiapine fumarate tablets were successfully prepared by direct compression method. The physiochemical evaluation results for the powdered material of all trials pass the official limits in angle of repose, compressibility index and drug content. In the 9 trials, the optimized formulation was F3 trial which releases the quetiapine fumarate immediately within an hour.
21 October 2012

NANOTECHNOLOGY: NANOCRYSTALS

About Authors:
Patel Chirag J*, Asija Rajesh, Asija Sangeeta
Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jaipur.
*chirag.bangalore@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Oral delivery of drugs with poor aqueous solubility and poor enzymatic and/or metabolic stability is very challenging. However, the advent of nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of oral drug delivery. Development of poorly soluble and/or permeable drug molecules using nanocrystal formulations has proven to be highly successful due to the greater surface/volume ratio, resulting in improvements in dissolution and bioavailability as well as enhanced permeability.The industrially relevant bottom up (precipitation) and top down production technologies (pearl milling, high pressure homogenization, and combination technologies) are presented. This review discusses drug loading among various nanoparticles, method of preparation, evaluation and success of nanocrystals compared to other nanotechnologies.
19 October 2012

SCREENING OF DIURETIC AGENTS-AN OVERVIEW

About Authors:
*Nilesh Sovasia, Prof.Sanjeev Thacker, Arshad Hala
Seth G.L.Bihani S.D.College Of Technical Education,
Institute Of Pharmaceutical Science & Drug Research,
Sri Ganganagar,Rajasthan,India
*nilesh.sovasia@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
Diuretic agents are very useful for several critical conditions like hypertension, heart failure, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, and cirrhosis.The various methods for screening of Diuretic agents provides useful tool to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the drugs.It is also useful for determining the dose lavel of particular class of diuretic agents.
18 October 2012

NANOTECHNOLOGY USED IN CANCER TREATMENT- A REVIEW

About Author:
Himani Sharma
B.Pharm, RGTU
shimani53@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Nanotechnology provide innovative tools that shed greater light on life cycle of normal cells and the point at which molecular processes and changes within cells become correlated with development of cancer. It should be possible to obtain large amount of information from a small source. They aid in analysis of parameters such as cellular mechanics, morphology and cytoskeleton which has been hard to achieve using conventional technology. Nano devices can detect cancer cells, identify cancer signatures and provide targeted delivery of anti cancer therapeutics and contrast agents to tumour cells. Nanotechnology is potential tool that could help detect the molecular changes and assist in focusing on preventive efforts. Nanotechnologies for medical applications have been maturing. Several therapeutic formulations entered clinical trials and are expected to have an impact on how cancer treatment is done in the future.
18 October 2012

ROLE OF ERLOTINIB IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER AS WELL AS PANCREATIC CANCER: A REVIEW

About Authors:
Satyanand Tyagi*
*President, Tyagi Pharmacy Association & Scientific Writer,
Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
Prof. Satyanand Tyagi is a life time member of various pharmacy professional bodies like IPA, APTI and IPGA. He has published various research papers and review articles. His academic works include 49 Publications (41 Review Articles and 08 Research Articles of Pharmaceutical, Medicinal and Clinical Importance, published in standard and reputed National and International Pharmacy journals; Out of 49 publications, 11 are International Publications).
*sntyagi9@yahoo.com, +91-9871111375 / 9582025220

ABSTRACT:
Erlotinib is a drug used to treat non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and several other types of cancer. It is a reversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which acts on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It is marketed in the United States by Genentech and OSI Pharmaceuticals and elsewhere by Roche. In lung cancer, it extends life by an average of 3.3 months at a cost of CDN $ 95,000. The hydrochloride salt of a quinazoline derivative of the drug shows antineoplastic properties. Competing with adenosine triphosphate, erlotinib reversibly binds to the intracellular catalytic domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, thereby reversibly inhibiting EGFR phosphorylation and blocking the signal transduction events and tumorigenic effects associated with EGFR activation. Erlotinib hydrochloride is approved to be used alone or with other drugs to treat:
* Non-small cell lung cancer that is locally advanced or has metastasized (spread to other parts of the body). It is used in patients who have already been treated with other chemotherapy.
* Pancreatic cancer. It is used with gemcitabine hydrochloride in patients whose disease cannot be removed by surgery or has metastasized.

Erlotinib hydrochloride is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. The aim of present article is to provide in depth knowledge about the drug Erlotinib as well as its role in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer as well as pancreatic cancer.The review has also focused about chemistry, pharmacology as well as clinical trial studies of the Erlotinib.
17 October 2012

PROCEDURE TO OBTAIN PATENT IN INDIA

About Authors:
Arshad Hala^*1, Prof. Rajesh Dholpuria¹, Nilesh sovasia¹
¹ Seth G. L. Bihani S. D. College Of Technical Education,
Institute Of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research,
Gaganpath, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan 335001
*Arshad_hala@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:
A patent is one of the forms of intellectual property. The object of patent law is to encourage scientific research, new technology and industrial progress. The grant of exclusive privilege to own, use or sell the method or product patented for a limited period, stimulates new inventions of commercial utility. The price of the grant of the monopoly is the disclosure of the invention at the patent office, which after the expiry of the period of monopoly, passes into public domain. An invention which must be new and useful. It must have novelty and utility. The patents are granted to encourage inventions and to secure that the inventions are worked in India on a commercial scale and to the fullest extent that is reasonable practicable without undue delay. So true inventor required to know how to get patent in india and other countries through his self or legal representative. Without patent no one use, sell, and research on invention.This review looks into procedure to obtain patent in india.
16 October 2012

NOVEL FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

About Authors:
Tyagi Nitin*, Singh Vikram Jeet, Mishra Santosh Kumar
CARPS, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University,
Meerut, U.P.(250110), India.
*nitintyagi27@yahoo.in

Abstract
These tablets were introduced in 1980s in the market and since their introduction in the market the fast dissolving tablets are gaining popularity regularly. Due to their rapid disintegration or dissolution in the oral cavity as they come into contact of saliva normally with in one minute, without the use of water these provides patient compliance particularly to the pediatric, geriatric ,bedridden patients and for patients who are very much busy in travelling and does not have easy access to water. The present article aims on the recent advancements in the fast dissolving tablets and provides a good information about the advantages,limitations, mechanism of action of superdisintegrants, the conventional and patented development techniques and about the evaluation parameters of the fast dissolving tablets.
16 October 2012

A RECENT APPROACH TOWARDS TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY BY VARIOUS TECHNIQUES

About Authors:
K.S.Khatri
S.K.Patel education and research, Kherva,
Mehasana-384001
kkhatri_pharm@yahoo.com

Abstract:
Interest in transdermal drug delivery systems has increased on several fronts over the past several years because of the inherent advantages over the oral delivery such as the avoidance of gastrointestinal absorption, enzymatic and pH associated deactivation. Stratum corneum forms highly lipophilic membrane and provides the greatest resistance to penetration of drugs. A number of chemical and physical permeation enhancement techniques have been investigated. Chemical enhancers represent the most widely studied approach to transdermal drug permeation enhancement but are associated with toxicity, therefore limiting their clinical application. In recent years the emergence of number of physical techniques has expanded the range of drugs that can be delivered transdermally. Promising new technologies involved in enhancing transdermal permeation are Abrasion, Electroporation, Sonophoresis/Phonophoresis, Pressure waves, Iontophoresis, Laser Radiation,Magnetophoresis, Microneedles, Needleless injection and many more. In the present reviewed tried to discuss alternate techniques of enhancing the transdermal transport.

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15 October 2012

Applications of Biosensors technology : Future trends development and new intervation in biotechnology

About Author:
KIRANKUMAR K. VAGHASIYA
M.Sc. Biotechnology
Bhagwan Mahavir College Of Biotechnology, Surat
* vaghasiyakiran51@yahoo.co.in

Abstract:
Biosensors can be excellent analytical tools for monitoring programs working to implement legislation.Biosensor are analytical devices which are capable of providing either qualitative or quantitative results. Biosensor technology to be in a very early stage of development. There are many market opportunities. In this article, biosensors for environmental analysis and monitoring are extensively reviewed. Examples of biosensors for the most important families of environmental pollutants, including some commercial devices, are presented. Finally, future trends in biosensor development are discussed. In this context, bioelectronics, nanotechnology, environmental pollution, and especially biotechnology seem to be growing areas that will have marked influence on the development of new biosensing strategies in the next future.At present There are various types of biosensor available for the number of industrial and diagnostic Applications.
15 October 2012

HIV / AIDS EVOLUTION AND CONSIDERATIONS

About Authors:
Nishant kumar singh
Research Fellow,
ICRI (Ahm) and Cranfield University
* nishantsingh.shree@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Over 3 decades HIV/AIDS have been a major globally accepted challenge, from endemic to a catastrophic pandemic & explodes globally. Estimates says 33.3 million HIV ^+veand 2.6 million newly HIV infected people are in 2009. Since the beginning of epidemic, nearly 30 million people have died from AIDS related cause^[1]. From chimpanzees to human^[2] and then human to human (migration^[3], MSM, HS, IDU, MTC etc) and ultimately it transformed into pandemic. After 30 years we have advanced our treatment & Medicare knowledge of HIV and AIDS. Our scientist has developed several successful targets and drugs based on them, a highly effective therapy HAART currently in use (managing viral load & cell count for better patient survival rate) showing good results. Still HIV/AIDS is incurable, WHY? It shows the need of critical thinking from the very 1^st initial step i.e. TARGET. HIV itself is the target; biotech and Pharmaceutical Company must consider nanotechnology & homologous approach for CCR5. Though it seems that we have control over it but if this goes out same way, than one day just due to the HIV typical characteristic of mutation and recombination the worst Catastrophic sub Saharan-Africa epidemic will become Pandemic.[i]