Review Articles

About Authors:
Mr. Satyanand Tyagi*, Patel Chirag J¹, Devesh Kaushik²
*President, Tyagi Pharmacy Association & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
Prof. Satyanand Tyagi is a life time member of various pharmacy professional bodies like IPA, APTI and IPGA. He has published various research papers and review articles. His academic work includes 60 Publications (50 Review Articles, 08 Research Articles and 02 Short Communications of Pharmaceutical, Medicinal and Clinical Importance, published in standard and reputed National and International Pharmacy journals; Out of 60 publications, 11 are International Publications).
He has published his papers almost in different specialization of Pharmacy field...His research topics of interest are neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes mellitus, cancer, rare genetic disorders, psycho-pharmacological agents as well as epilepsy.
¹Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
²Territory Business Manager, Diabetes Division, Abbott Healthcare Private Limited, Okhla, New Delhi, India- 110020.
*sntyagi9@yahoo.com, +91-9871111375/9582025220

ABSTRACT:
A group of Australian researchers at the Garvan Institute in Sydney have conducted a study indicating how Grb10 protein plays a crucial role in increasing muscle mass during development. Growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 also known as insulin receptor-binding protein Grb-IR is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRB10 gene. The product of this gene belongs to a small family of adapter proteins that are known to interact with a number of receptor tyrosine kinases and signaling molecules. This gene encodes a growth factor receptor-binding protein that interacts with insulin and insulin-like growth-factor receptors (e.g., IGF1R and IGF2R). Over expression of some isoforms of the encoded protein inhibits tyrosine kinase activity and results in growth suppression. This gene is imprinted in a highly isoform- and tissue-specific manner. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.Scientists have discovered a way to build bigger and stronger muscles without having to lift a finger.

About Authors:
Patel Chirag J^1*, Satyanand Tyagi², Patel Jaimin^1
1Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jaipur, Rajasthan.
²President, Tyagi Pharmacy Association & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India.
*chirag.bangalore@gmail.com, +918000501871

ABSTRACT:
Now a day about 74% of drugs are taken orally and are found not to be as effective as desired either due to bioavailability problems or degradation of drug in acidic pH of stomach. To resolve such problems, transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) was emerged. Transdermal drug delivery systems are dosage forms involves drug transport to viable epidermal and dermal tissues of the skin for local therapeutic effect while a very major fraction of drug is transported into the systemic blood circulation. Transdermal drug delivery systems, also known as ‘‘patches,’’ are dosage forms designed to deliver a therapeutically effective amount of drug across a patient’s skin. This review article provides an overview of TDDS, advantages, limitations, various components of TDDS, methods of preparation, types of transdermal patches, factors affecting transdermal permeation, evaluation parameters and new approaches in TDDS.

About Authors:
Arshad Hala*, Prof. Rajesh Dholpuria, Nilesh Sovasia
¹Seth G. L. Bihani S. D. College Of Technical Education,
Institute Of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research,
Gaganpath, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan 335001
*Arshad_hala@yahoo.com

1. INTRODUCTION:-
1.1. Origin:-
Contract manufacturing is defined as the manufacture (or partial manufacturer) of a product to the order of one person or organization (the contract giver or customer) by another independent person or organization (contract acceptor or principle manufacturer). Manufacture in this context is identified as the act of processing or packaging a medicinal product or device to a given specification.(Shah, D.H., 2000)

Contract manufacturing should be consideration as an extension of the principal manufacturer’s operation. Consequently the principal manufacturer should require the same standards of good manufacturing practices (GMP) for a contractor’s operation as he would his own. In addition, the customer must ensure that the principle manufacturer holds the relevant legal authorizations for the work to be carried out.(Shah, D.H., 2000)

The responsibility and activities undertaken by each party need to be clearly stated in a formal agreement, separate from but additional to the legal business contract formed by the placement of an order. Commercial matters need to be appreciated as being distinct from technical matter and need to be detailed separately with due consideration for compliance with local legislation.(Shah, D.H., 2000)

About Authors:
Patel Chirag J^1*, Satyanand Tyagi^2
1Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jaipur, Rajasthan.
²President, Tyagi Pharmacy Association & Scientific Writer (pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India.
*chirag.bangalore@gmail.com, +918000501871

ABSTRACT
The basic rationale of sustained release drug delivery system optimizes the biopharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a drug in such a way that its utility is maximized, side-effects are reduced and cure of the disease is achieved. There are several advantages of sustained release drug delivery over conventional dosage forms like improved patient compliance due to less frequent drug administration, maximum utilization of the drug, increased safety margin of potent drug, reduction of fluctuation in steady-state drug levels, reduction in healthcare costs through improved therapy and shorter treatment period.Presently pharmaceutical industries are focusing on development of sustained release formulations due to its inherent boons.Wide varieties of polymers are available for retarding the release rate of drugs hence sustains the action of drugs. This article contains the basic information regarding sustained-release formulation, its advantages, different types, and characteristics involved in oral sustained-release dosage form design.

About Authors:
Aman sharma*, Dr. Sunil sharma
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Guru Jambeshwar University of Science and Technology,
Hisar-125001, Haryana(INDIA)
*amansharma67@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT
The aqueous extract of the Adansonia digitata (Linn.) leaf was tested for hepatoprotective activity against chemical toxicity with CCl₄ in rats. The aqueous extract exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity and consumption of Adansonia digitata leaf may play an important part in human resistance to liver damage in areas in which the plant is consumed . The mechanism of liver protection is unknown, but could possibly result from triterpenoids, b-sitosterol, b-amyrin palmitate, or/and a-amyrin, and ursolic acid in the leaf.Adansonia digitata leaves are superior in nutritional quality to fruit pulp, and contain significant levels of vitamin A. The leaves are a staple for many populations in Africa, and are eaten fresh or dried. Several plant parts have interesting anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and baobab has been used extensively since ancient times in traditional medicine.

About Authors:
Mr. Satyanand Tyagi*, Patel Chirag J¹, Asheesh Singh²
*President, Tyagi Pharmacy Association & Scientific Writer (pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
Prof. Satyanand Tyagi is a life time member of various pharmacy professional bodies like IPA, APTI and IPGA. He has published various research papers and review articles. His academic works include 52 Publications (44 Review Articles and 08 Research Articles of Pharmaceutical, Medicinal and Clinical Importance, published in standard and reputed National and International Pharmacy journals; Out of 52 publications, 11 are International Publications).
He has published his papers almost in different specialization of Pharmacy field...His research topics of interest are neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes mellitus, cancer, rare genetic disorders, psycho-pharmacological agents as well as epilepsy.
¹Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
²Research Associate, Center for Research and Development, Ipca Laboratories Ltd Ratlam, Madhya Pradesh, India-457114.
*sntyagi9 @yahoo.com, +91-9871111375 / 9582025220

ABSTRACT:
Prior studies have suggested that depressed people with evidence of high inflammation are less likely to respond to traditional treatments for the disorder, including anti-depressant medications and psychotherapy. This study was designed to see whether blocking inflammation would be a useful treatment for either a wide range of people with difficult-to-treat depression or only those with high levels of inflammation. The study employed infliximab, one of the new biologic drugs used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. A biologic drug copies the effects of substances naturally made by the body's immune system. In this case, the drug was an antibody that blocks tumour necrosis factor (TNF), a key molecule in inflammation that has been shown to be elevated in some depressed individuals. Study participants all had major depression and were moderately resistant to conventional antidepressant treatment. Each participant was assigned either to infliximab or to a non-active placebo treatment. When investigators looked at the results for the group as a whole, no significant differences were found in the improvement of depression symptoms between the drug and placebo groups. However, when the subjects with high inflammation were examined separately, they exhibited a much better response to infliximab than to placebo.

About Authors:
Kapil Sharma*, Priyanka sharma
*Yaresun Pharmaceutical Pvt Ltd, Jaipur, India
*pharma_kapil@rediffmail.com

INTRODUCTION
Gas chromatography is a widely used technique for the separation of gaseous and volatile sub which are difficult to separate.The primary limit of s technique is that sample must be capable of being volatilized without undergoing decomposition because of this this technique is replaced by H.P.L.C.It is similar to column chromatography except that the gas is used as the mobile phase instead of the liquid.Here gas as a mobile phase or moving phase is passed through a column a column containing liquid adsorbent coated on inert solid support ,thus the adsorption or partition is possible.Gas solid chromatography(G.S.C) based upon the selective adsorption on solid,so the component of  mixture distributes them selves between the gas phase and adsorbent and the separation is due to adsorptive properties.where as Gas liquid chromatography (G.L.C) is based upon partition between Gas and immobile liquid coated on solid,.so the component of  mixture distributes them selves between the gas phase and liquid adsorbent coated on solid and the separation is due to partition properties¹.

About Authors:
Dhiren Shah
m.pharmacy
Seth G.L.Bihani S.D.College of Pharmacy, R.U.H.S.
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, INDIA
dhiren.pharmacist@gmail.com

Abstract
A method has been developed for immobilisation of antisera on fresh plastic tubes through an immunochemical bridge. This type of immobilisation has been shown to be more consistent than direct adsorption on plastic. Such immunochemically coated antisera on plastic tube has been used in the development of a noncentrifugation radioimmunoassay. This assay system has been found to be technically as sound as the conventional method.