About Authors:
*Lavkesh A.Chandivade, Vishal V.Bandre, Nilesh M. Choudhary
Viva Institute of Pharmacy
Shirgaon ,Virar(E)
*lavkeshc@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
BOTULINUM TOXIN is a neurotoxin that is made of a complex mixture of proteins containing botulinum neurotoxin and various non-toxic proteins.
The neurotoxin clostridium botulinum is a spore-forming gram positive anaerobic bacterium that is made up of light chain and a heavy chain linked by single disulphide bond. The non-toxic proteins include haemagglutinating proteins. The bacteria are considered harmful and life threatening and can lead to muscle paralysis or weakness. However Botulin toxin treatment is quite safe especially when used in small doses and injected directly to a specific area.
Reference Id: PHARMATUTOR-ART-1503
Botulinum Toxin works by blocking the release of a chemical messenger (neurotransmitter) also known as acetylcholine. Neurotransmitter found in the nerve cells usually transmits a nerve impulse to a muscle cell and causes it to contract. With the absence of acetylcholine the muscle cell is weakened leading to paralysis of the muscle.
Botulinum Toxin treatment can be used for various purpose such as
· Wrinkle treatment
· Headache treatment
· Alzheimer treatment
· Hyperhidrosis
INTRODUCTION:
BOTULINUM TOXIN is a neurotoxin that is made of a complex mixture of proteins containing botulinum neurotoxin and various non-toxic proteins.
The neurotoxin clostridium botulinum is a spore-forming gram positive anaerobic bacterium that is made up of light chain and a heavy chain linked by single disulphide bond. The non-toxic proteins include haemagglutinating proteins. The bacteria are considered harmful and life threatening and can lead to muscle paralysis or weakness. However Botulin toxin treatment is quite safe especially.
MECHANISM OF ACTION OF BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A:
BOTULINUM TOXIN works by blocking the release of a chemical messenger (neurotransmitter) which is formally known as acetylcholine. This neurotransmitter found in the nerve cells usually transmits a nerve impulse to a muscle cell and causes it to contract. With the absence of acetylcholine the muscle cell is weakened.
The full effects of Botulinum injections can be seen in 5-7 days. Results may vary on individuals, depending on the severity of wrinkles and the strength of muscles treated. The results last from three to six months after which most patients gradually return to their former state. Normally, Botulinum
Injections should be repeated every 3-4 months. Patients who have had Botox treatments over 12 months may only require further treatments every 6 months.
BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A TREATMENT FOR COSMETIC AND MEDICINAL USE:
Botulinum Toxin works by blocking the release of a chemical messenger (neurotransmitter) also known as acetylcholine. Neurotransmitter found in the nerve cells usually transmits a nerve impulse to a muscle cell and causes it to temporarily reduce the contractions of the facial muscles that cause frown lines. It has been proven to be a safe and effective treatment for wrinkles, and botulinum injections are becoming increasingly popular with the absence of acetylcholine the muscle cell is weakened leading to paralysis of the muscle.
Botulinum Toxin treatment can be used for various purpose such as
· Wrinkle treatment
· Headache (MIGRAINE)treatment
· Alzheimer treatment
· Hyperhidrosis
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BOTULINUM TOXIN for Wrinkle Treatment:
BOTULINUM TOXIN used to reduce wrinkles is a sterile and purified version of the Botulinum Toxin A. When the toxin is injected into the muscle, it works to block the nerve impulses, temporarily paralyzing the muscles that cause wrinkles, thereby causing them to relax more. The net result is that the process of wrinkle formation is reduced. A smoothing effect is seen almost immediately and it continues to improve over the next few days.
The full effects of Botulinum injections can be seen in 5-7 days. Results may vary on individuals, depending on the severity of wrinkles and the strength of muscles treated. The results last from three to six months after which most patients gradually return to their former state. Normally, Botox Injections should be repeated every 3-4 months. Patients who have had Botox treatments over 12 months may only require further treatments every 6 months.
BOTULINUM TOXIN for Headache(MIGRAINE) Treatment:
Botox is a treatment that has been used for years to help reduce fine lines and wrinkles, but now the FDA has approved Botox for migraines. This treatment was approved after there had been two studies done on over 1000 adults that proved that it was effective at treating migraines.
In order for a headache to be classified as a migraine, it has to occur 15 or more days out of the month and it has to last for four hours or more at a time. Patient will receive injections in his or her head and neck. These injections will usually be given in intervals over the course of 12 weeks. Botox migraine has been shown to be very effective and patients can expect their results to last up to three months
BOTULINUM TOXIN For Sweating : Hyperhidrosis Treatment:
HYPERHIDROSIS condition, which does affect nearly 20,000 Americans, is problematic for anyone who suffers from it. It can interfere with everyday life, making it hard to feel confident going out in public. For some people, especially those who work in sales, television, or any other interpersonal position, the condition can actually be detrimental, since the sweating is so excessive that it often soaks through clothes and leave a foul order.
injections can stifle sweating much the same way they can boost skin for a smoother complexion. When targeted against wrinkles, the lines are lifted. When aimed at sources of excessive sweat, it can block the nerve signals that trigger sweat, therefore reducing the amount of sweat produced. The procedure is relatively safe and effective, with results lasting anywhere between six to twelve.
SIDE EFFECTS OF BOTULINUM TOXIN:
The cosmetic treatment known as Botulinum Toxin Injection has, over the last few years, has become one of the most popular anti-aging treatments available. This non-invasive cosmetic procedure has grown so popular because of its quick results and the low instance of Botulinum risks. Between 2002 and 2003 the number of people having this procedure increased by 158 percent. Over 2.6 million women and 333,000 men underwent Botulinum procedures in 2003 alone!
As with any medicine, there are some possible side effects to Botulinum, the physician-administered injection used to treat fine lines and wrinkles. Fortunately, not everyone who takes Botulinum Injections will experience side effects. In fact, most people tolerate it quite well. If side effects do occur, in most cases, they are minor and either requires no treatment or is easily treated by you or your healthcare provider.
The effects of Botulinum are noticeable one to two days after the procedure and can last up to six months. Since Botulinum only stays in the body for a maximum of six months, any side effects associated with the medication will diminish after that time period. People who continue to receive treatments may continue to experience side effects. The common side effects include nausea, flu syndrome, respiratory infection, forehead and eyelid drooping, and headache. Less common Botulinum risks include symptoms that are generally associated with the injection. These include redness, pain, swelling, numbness, bruising, muscle weakness and bleeding. Normally, these symptoms generally subside within a week after injection.
Botulinum Injection procedures are considered medical techniques that should be carried out in a controlled medical environment and administered by a qualified and experience medical professional. They should check through your medical history to determine that you are appropriate candidates before taking Botulinum treatment. In fact, only one injection should be given every 3 months. Women, who are breast feeding and those people taking antibiotics are recommended not to use Botulinum as they have increased risk of adverse reactions.
CONCLUSION:
BOTULINUM TREATMENT Is also proven very useful in treatment of various cosmetic and medicinal branches like
• Spasticity
• Cerebral palsy
• Dystonia
• Gastroparesis
• Spasmodic Dysphonia etc.
Further research on BOTULINUM TOXINE definitely gives rise to many useful application in COSMETIC and MEDICINAL Fields.
REFERENCE:
thevictoriancosmeticinstitute.com.au/anti-wrinkle-injections/
emedicine.medscape.com/article/1818592-overview
nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/botox.html
thirdage.com/hc/c/botulinum-toxin-photos
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