Review Articles

About Authors:
Mayure.Vijay Kumar*, V. Sravanthi Yadav, C.P.Meher,
Department of pharmaceutical chemistry
Maheshwara College of Pharmacy, Chitkul (V)
Isnapur “X” Road, Patancheru, Hyderabad.
mayurevijaykumar@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:-
β- lactam antibiotics are  the most commonly prescribed drugs. The β- lactam group of antibiotics are a broad class of antibiotics, consisting of all antibiotic agents that contain a β- lactam nucleus in their molecular structures. This includes penicillin derivatives (penams), cephalosporins (cephems), monobactams, and carbapenems. Most of the β- lactam antibiotics work by inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis in the bacterial organisms and are the most widely used group of antibiotics. Bacteria often develop resistance to β- lactam antibiotics by synthesizing that attacks the β- lactam ring. To overcome this resistance, β- lactam antibiotics are often given with β- lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid. Presnted article deals about the structure of various marketed as well as drugs under investigation containing β-lactam nucleus and  their pharmacological activities. The presented article is related wth the various β- lactam derivative with their various pharmacological activities.

About Author:
Kambham Venkateswarlu
Final Year Graduate Student
Sri Lakshmi Narasimha College of Pharmacy,
Palluru, Chottoor-517132, Andhra Pradesh, India.
k.v.reddy9441701016@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a parasite (plasmodium) which is transmitted from human by the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Four species of the parasite plasmodium are responsible for Malaria in humans: Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium falciparum.
This disease cause a nearly 300 to 400 million clinical episodes of malaria occur worldwide, out of which 1.5 to 2 million die every year. So this is also a most dangerous disease in children. This review reveals the treatment of malaria in paediatrics.

About Author:
Kambham Venkateswarlu
Final Year Graduate student
Sri Lakshmi Narasimha College of Pharmacy,
Palluru, Chittoor-517132, Andhra Pradesh, India
k.v.reddy9441701016@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Electrophoresis is also called as cataphoresis. It is the motion of dispersed particles relative to a fluid under the influence of spatially uniform electric field. This electro kinetic phenomenon was observed for the first time in 1807 by Reuss (Moscow State University), who noticed that the application of a constant electric field caused clay particles dispersed in water to migrate. It is ultimately caused by the presence of a charged interface between the particle surface and the surrounding fluid. Electrophoresis is a rapid separation technique.Factors governing the migration of ions are Charge of ions, Size of the ions, Viscosity of the medium, Voltage applied, pH of buffer and ionic strength. Factors affecting electrophoresis are Molecular characteristics (size, shape), Buffer Properties, Electric Field Characteristics, Temperature.

About Authors:
Bharathi.V*, SwarnaLatha.D, M.Sreenivasulu
Annamcharya college of pharmacy, newboyana pally, rajampet(M),
kadapa(dt). Andhara Pradesh, India.
*bharu.v.net@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Medicinal plants have played an essential role in the development of human culture. Many of the modern medicines are produced indirectly from medicinal plants, for example aspirin. The present study was concentrated on past work reported on the some mussaenda species and study of different activities and phyto constitutions reported on mussaenda species. The genus Mussaenda (rubiaceae) is an important source of medicinal natural products, steroids, flavonoids, glycosides and only a few number of species reported positive for alkaloids and tannins. Many Mussaenda species were reported to possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory in different models, analgesic, antimicrobial, diuretic, antiphlogistic and antipyretic, acute gastroenteritis and dysentery, anti- fertility activity, antiviral property , antibacterial effect rarely for hepato protective activity and wound healing activity.

About Author:
Kambham venkateswarlu
Graduate student
Sri Lakshmi Narasimha College of Pharmacy, Palluru,
Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh-517132, India.
k.v.reddy9441701016@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Brugada syndrome is a genetic cause of sudden cardiac arrest characterized by abnormal electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern in the right precordial leads either at rest or after provocation. In this condition, sudden death may occur due to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. In approximately 30% of patients, sudden cardiac arrest is the initial clinical manifestation of Brugada syndrome.

About Authors:
Bhupender Kumar*, Prof. Sudeep Bhardwaj, Monish Sharma, Ramchandra
Seth G.L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education (Institute Of Pharmaceutical Sciences
And Drug Research), Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, 335001
*bhupendra.nimiwal@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
In a typical crossover design, each subject takes each of the treatments under investigation on different occasions. Comparative bioavailability or bioequivalence studies, in which two or more formulations of the same drug are compared, are usually designed as crossover studies. Perhaps the greatest appeal of the crossover design is that each patient acts as his or her own control. This feature allows for the direct comparison of treatments, and is particularly efficient in the presence of large inter individual variation. However, caution should be used when considering this design in studies where carryover effects or other interactions are anticipated. Under these circumstances, a parallel design may be more appropriate.

About Author:
Kambham Venkateswarlu
Graduate Student
Sri Lakshmi Narasimha College of Pharmacy,
Palluru, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh-517132, India.
k.v.reddy9441701016@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Many different types of laboratory fermentors and bioreactors are used worldwide. The selection of a good quality bioreactor is not easy. Some advantageous parameters found in one product are cancelled out by other draw backs in the same system. Good high quality bioreactors are very expensive. Even then ease of use is not assured. The question arises, whether it is possible to construct a bioreactor, which would satisfy most requirements. The most important are high quality and easy to use, perfect sterility, precise measurement, control and recording of all important culture parameters and lasts but not lasts, and the bioreactor shouldn’t expensive!

About Authors:
Bhupender Kumar*, Assit. Prof. Prasant Beniwal, Monish Sharma, Ramchandra
Seth G.L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education
(Institute Of Pharmaceutical Sciences And Drug Research),
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan
*bhupendra.nimiwal@gmail.com

Abstract:
Thermoanalytical methods essentially techniques that are based entirely on the concept of heating a sample followed by well-defined modified procedures, such as : gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermogravimetric analysis measured weight change, differential scanning calorimetry measured heats and temperature of transitions and reactions, differential thermal analysis (DTA) measured temperatures of transitions and reactions.

About Authors:
Awan Bharti^*1, Sweta Gautam^2
1Department of Pharmacognosy,
Shri Rawatpura Sarkar Institute of Pharmacy, Datia, M.P.
²Department of Pharmacognosy, RKDF College of Pharmacy, Bhopal
*bhartiawan@gmail.com, shwetagautam85@rediffmail

ABSTRACT
Interest in alternative medicine and plant-derived medications that affect the "mind" is growing. Anxiety affects one-eighth of the total population of the world and has become a very important area of research interest in psychopharmacology during this decade. Anxiety, a state of excessive fear, is characterized by motor tension, sympathetic hyperactivity, and apprehension and vigilance syndromes. Benzodiazepines are the major class of compounds used in anxiety and they have remained the most commonly prescribed treatment for anxiety, despite the important unwanted side effects that they produce such as sedation, muscle relaxation, ataxia, amnesia, ethanol and barbiturate potentiation and tolerance. Various types of herbal medicines have been used as anxiolytic drugs in different parts of the world. Folk medicines have particular values, for example, plants that "calm down", tranquilize, and raise mood, such as Passiflora coerulea, Valeriana officinalis, Matricaria recutita, Jatropa cilliata, Salvia guaranitica, Tilia tormentosa, and Tilia europeae. Plants have long been used to treat central nervous system (CNS) disorders.