About Authors:
Mayure.Vijay Kumar*, V. Sravanthi Yadav, C.P.Meher,
Department of pharmaceutical chemistry
Maheshwara College of Pharmacy, Chitkul (V)
Isnapur “X” Road, Patancheru, Hyderabad.
mayurevijaykumar@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:-
β- lactam antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed drugs. The β- lactam group of antibiotics are a broad class of antibiotics, consisting of all antibiotic agents that contain a β- lactam nucleus in their molecular structures. This includes penicillin derivatives (penams), cephalosporins (cephems), monobactams, and carbapenems. Most of the β- lactam antibiotics work by inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis in the bacterial organisms and are the most widely used group of antibiotics. Bacteria often develop resistance to β- lactam antibiotics by synthesizing that attacks the β- lactam ring. To overcome this resistance, β- lactam antibiotics are often given with β- lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid. Presnted article deals about the structure of various marketed as well as drugs under investigation containing β-lactam nucleus and their pharmacological activities. The presented article is related wth the various β- lactam derivative with their various pharmacological activities.
Reference Id: PHARMATUTOR-ART-1627
INTRODUCTION:-
Antibiotic that possess β- lactam (a four membered cyclic amide) ring structure are the dominant class of agents currently used for the chemotherapy of bacterial infection. β- lactam antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed drugs, grouped together based upon a shared structural features, the β- lactam ring. β- lactam antibiotics includes: penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins, carbapenems, monobactams, β- lactamase inhibitors. The grouping of these agents can be based up on spectrum of activity, for therapeutic agents for an antibiotic formulary, for therapeutic use or for routine susceptibility testing. Within each functional group, differences between antibiotics in pharmacokinetics, safety, duration of the clinical experience with their use, and cost allow reasonable choices to be made in selecting an individual drug as representative of that group. Bacteria often develop resistance to β-lactam antibiotics by synthesizing beta-lactamase, an enzyme that attacks the β-lactam ring. To overcome his resistance, β-lactam antibiotics are often given with β-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid.
All β-lactam antibiotics interfere with the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. The bacteria synthesize UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid & UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine. The peptidoglycan residues are linked together forming long strands & UDP split off. The final step is cleavage of the terminal D-alanine of the peptide chains by transpeptidase, the energy released is utilized for establishment of cross linkages between peptide chain of the neighbouring strands. The β-lactam antibiotics inhibit the transpeptidase so that cross linking does not take place.
A comparative study of β-lactam containing drugs are briefly described in the table below:
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CONCLUSION:
Antibiotics(antimicrobial) are the substance produce by micro-organism,which selectively suppress the growth or kill other microorganism at very low concentration.These have the greatest contribution of the 20th century to therapeutics. Their advent changed the outlook of the physician about the power drugs can have on disease. Their importance is magnified in the developing countries,where infective diseases predominate. As a class they are on of the most frequently used as well as misused drugs. Antimicrobial drugs used are of so many kind according to their chemical nature. But out of them β-lactam containing drugs plays a important role in this particular area. It is active against gram +ve bacteria ,It is clinically used in veterinary medicines, treatment of scleroma, complex abdominal infections, pneumonia, urinarytract infections including kidney infection with septicaemia, It is also used in treatment of lung and respiratory infections caused by P.multocida and also it contribute to several uses as mentioned in the table above. The future of β- lactam containing drugs are most demanding for its diverse effect.
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