Pharmacology Articles

18 September 2012

NEWER ANTILEPTICS- NECESSITY OF LIMITED DOSAGE

About Authors:
A.Prameela Rani¹, V.Hema^2*
¹University college of pharmaceutical sciences,
Acharya nagarjuna University, Guntur.
^2*KVSR Siddhartha college of pharmaceutical sciences, Vijayawada.
*hemav_pharma@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Epilepsy is a disorder of CNS characterized by paroxysmal cerebral dysrhytmia, manifesting as brief episodes of loss or disturbance of consciousness with or without characteristic body movements, sensory or psychiatric phenomenon.
Some drugs such as felbamate, oxcarbazepine, gabapentin, zonisamide, topiramate and pregabalin before consumption their dose and dosage should be checked. All the drugs should be adjusted surely for their dosage especially in renal impairment patients. The present review is on serious effects due to overdosage of various newer anticonvulsants.
11 September 2012

GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE: A DRUG TARGET IN TREATMENT OF CNS DISORDER

About Authors:
Najneen S. Shaikh^1*, Mr. MAYURESH. K. RAUT²
¹Sinhgad Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (SIPS), Lonavala
²Asst. Professor Of Phamaceutical Chemistry
Sinhgad Technical Education Society,
Kusgaon (Bk), Lonavala- 410401
*naj.pharma.23@gmail.com

ABTRACT
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine protein kinase, that mediates the addition of phosphate molecules on certain serine and threonine amino acids in particular cellular substrates.
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) has recently been linked to mood disorders and schizophrenia, and the neurotransmitter systems and therapeutic treatments associated with these diseases. GSK3 is a widely influential enzyme that is capable of phosphorylating, and thereby regulating, over forty known substrates. Four mechanisms regulating GSK3 (phosphorylation, protein complexes, localization, and substrate phosphorylation) combine to provide substrate-specific regulation of the actions of GSK3. Several intracellular signaling cascades converge on GSK3 to modulate its activity, and several neurotransmitter systems also regulate GSK3, including serotonergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and glutamatergic systems. Because of changes in these neurotransmitter systems and the actions of therapeutic drugs, GSK3 has been linked to the mood disorders, bipolar disorder and depression, and to schizophrenia.

[adsense:336x280:8701650588]
10 September 2012

ARTHRITIS IS THE NAME GIVEN FOR PAINFUL JOINT DISEASES

About Author:
Kapil Sharma
Yaresun Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd., India.
pharma_kapil@rediffmail.com

Introduction:
Arthritis is the name given for painful joint diseases. Arthritis one of the most common health problems in india. Arthritis also is the leading cause of disability. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronicinflammatory condition of the connective tissues throughout the body, but especially around the joints. The main sign of RA is often stiff, painful, and swollen joints. Areas of typical complaint include the hands, feet, wrists, ankles, and knees. Depending on the severity of the condition, these areas may eventually become deformed. The exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis remains, largely, unknown. It has been theorized that a number of genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the disease process, and may include genetics, poor nutrition, lifestyle, chronic stress in rheumatoid arthritis, the joint lining, or synovial membrane, becomes inflamed and the joints become stiff and swollen. The synovial membrane secretes a slippery fluid that covers the cartilage-covered joints and reduces the friction between adjacent joints.The chronic inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis eventually leads to destruction of the cartilage covering the ends of the joints and underlying bone. In many cases this damage causes joint deformity.
6 September 2012

PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF AMARANTHUS SPINOSUS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITY

About Authors:
SAMRAT BOSE^*, SUCHARITA ROY
Department of Pharmacology
Bengal School of Technology,
Chuchura, West Bengal.
*samratbose09@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Amaranthus spinosus, commonly known as the spiny amaranth, prickly amaranth or thorny amaranth, belonging to family Amaranthaceae. Tradionally A.spinosus used as diuretic, anti-diabetic, antipyretic, anti-snake venom, anti-leprotic and anti-gonorrheal, anti helmintic, anti androgenic etc^[1]. The aim of present study was to investigate the antipyretic activity of MeOH-Water extract of Amaranthus spinosus in rats. MeOH-Water extract was administered at a dose of 100mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg through ip.
30 August 2012

A GENERAL OVERVIEW ON: STRESS AND ADAPTOGENS

About Author:
Sachin Kaushik
P.G. Department of Pharmacology,
B.L.D.E.A.’s college of Pharmacy,
Bijapur- 586103, Karnataka,India.
sachin_2004_kaushik@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
In this general overview, we discussed about stress, types of stress, mechanism and its management. According to the report of WHO, approximately 450 million people suffer from mental or behavioral disorders like stress. This amounts to 12.3% of the global burden of disease and predicted to rise up to 15% by 2020. Therefore there is a need of an effective management to control stress and stress induced disorders.
30 August 2012

PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS ON USE OF COMMON ANTI-ULCER DRUGS

About Authors:
Kalyan K Sarkar*¹, Dr.Gouranga Das²
¹B.Pharm student of 2011 at Institute of Pharmacy,
Govt. Of West Bengal,Jalpaiguri
²,Lecturer,Institute of Pharmacy,Govt of West BengalJalpaiguri
*kalyankrsarkar@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
A hospital based prospective study was carried out on the patients who were admitted in the surgical and medical in-patients department (IPD) of that therapeutic care unit atJ alpaiguri, West Bengal. Only willing patients were included in our study. Question series was prepared for patient's interview which include age, sex, disease conditions, generic name, brand name of the anti ulcer drugs used and total cost of medication on our study period. The main objective of this study was to find out the actual sketch related to use of anti ulcer drugs in recent days. And finally In our study we have found that patients with various disease such as cardio vascular disease, abdominal pain, abnormal vomiting etc. were given anti ulcer drugs with main medication.
28 August 2012

RISK OF HYPERTENSION IN DIABETES PATIENT AS COMPARED TO NON DIABETIC

About Authors:
Gupta S^*, Singal A
Apex Institute Of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Jaipur, Raj., India
*somesh.gupta88@gmail.com

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to correlate the occurrence of hypertension in the diabetics’ patient by the survey report on hypertension associated with diabetics’ patient. The effect of this study is symbolize that 70% patient have diabetes with hypertension and 30% patient with hypertension only so we can say that in this survey as the BGL increased leads to increased in B.P. And it was also found to be that aged patients have more risk of diabetes. Over 60- 70 year age group patient have 40% risk to get diabetes.
26 August 2012

EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF FICUS RELIGIOSA ON RATS AGAINST CCL4 AND PARACETAMOL INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY

About Authors:
Vivek Chourasia*, Hemant Nagar, H.S. Chandel, Anindya Goswami
Truba Institute of Pharmacy,
Karond Gandhinagar Bypass
Bhopal (M.P.)-India
*vickyc.chourasia@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Ficus religiosawas investigated for its possible protective effect against paracetamol and CCl₄-induced hepatic damage. IV administration of a sub-lethal dose of paracetamol (500 mg/kg) produced liver damage in rats as manifested by the rise in serum level of transaminases (AST and ALT). Ttreatment of rats with Ficus religiosa (200 mg/kg) prevented the paracetamol-induced rise in serum enzymes. The hepatotoxic dose of CCl₄ (1.5 ml/kg; orally) also raised the serum AST and ALT levels. The same dose of Ficus religiosa (200 mg/kg) was able to prevent the CCl₄-induced rise in serum enzymes. These results indicate that Ficus religiosa possesses hepatoprotective activity.

[adsense:336x280:8701650588]
19 August 2012

THROMBOPHILIA AND VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM IN PREGNANCY: DETECTION AND MANAGEMENT PARADIGM

About Authors:
Ritesh Shah*, Gaurav Chandawat, Rahul Jadav, Bhoomi Arora
Institute Of Clinical Research (India),
Ahmedabad, Gujarat-380013, India
*ritesh_shah99@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) complicates approximately 1 to 2 of 1,000 pregnancies, with pulmonary embolism (PE) being a leading cause of maternal mortality and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) an important cause of maternal morbidity. The main reason for the increased risk of thromboembolism in pregnancy is hypercoagulability, which has likely evolved to protect women from the bleeding challenges of miscarriage and childbirth. Women are at a 4- to 5-fold increased risk of thromboembolism during pregnancy and the postpartum period compared with when they are not pregnant. Eighty percent of the thromboembolic events in pregnancy are venous, with an incidence of 0.61 to 1.72 per 1000 pregnancies.Includes a history of thrombosis, inherited and acquired thrombophilia, maternal age greater than 35, certain medical conditions, and various complications of pregnancy and childbirth.

Despite the increased risk of VTE during pregnancy and the postpartum period, most women do not require anticoagulation. The intensity of the anticoagulation will depend on the indication and the monitoring will depend on the intensity. At the time of delivery, anticoagulation should be manipulated to reduce the risk of bleeding complications while minimizing the risk of thrombosis. There are no large trials of anticoagulants in pregnancy, and recommendations are based on case series, extrapolations from nonpregnant patients and the opinion of experts. Nonetheless, anticoagulants are believed to improve the outcome of pregnancy for women who have, or have had, VTE.
19 August 2012

ANTI ULCER ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF BOSWELLIA OVALIFOLIOLATA BAL&HENRY

About Authors:
M.Dhanalakshmi*, B. Maddilety
Department of pharmacology, Krishna Teja Pharmacy College,
Chadhalawada Nagar, Renigunta Road, Tirupathi-517 507,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
*Lakshmi.dhana17@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Boswellia ovalifoliolata bal&henry is an endemic plant that has been suggested as useful in the treatment of various diseases (anti diabetic, anti inflammatory, antimicrobial , antifungal, antibacterial).In the present study, anti ulcer activity of MELBO was studied by pylorus ligated,aspirin induced gastric ulceration in albino rats. Anti ulcer activity was evaluated by pylorus ligation, aspirin induced ulcer method by using standard ranitidine (27mg/kg).The anti ulcer activity was assessed by determining the ulcer index, pH and acidity. MELBO (400mg/kg) produced a significant reduction in the ulcer index, PH and acidity when compared with ulcer control group and standard group. MELBO reduces ulcer, there by the present study indicates that boswellia ovalifoliolata bal&henry showed protective activity on gastric ulcer.

[adsense:336x280:8701650588]