Pharmacology Articles

About Authors:
Aadeshkumar*, Nishantkumar gupta, Dineshkumar gupta
Dept. of pharmacy
BIT meerut, UP
*adesh.adi.chaudhary@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
In recent years there has been a rapid increase in nanotechnology in the fields of medicine and more specifically in targeted drug delivery. The proprietary powder processing techniques use by nanotherapeutics improves the delivery of drug that can not normally taken orally.
It improves
·         Safety and efficacy of low molecular weight drugs,
·         Stability and absorption of proteins that normally cannot be taken orally,
·         Extend the life cycle of existing drug formulation.

At present many substances are under investigation for drug delivery and more specifically for cancer therapy, AIDS and potential to cross the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) has open new ways for drug delivery into the brain. Pharmaceutical sciences are also using nanoparticles to reduce toxicity and side effects of drugs. Nanoparticles are also have the potential as novel intravascular or cellular probes for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes (drug/gene delivery) and nanosize allow access into cell and cell compartment including nucleus. . Discovery of nanomedicine has given rise to nanoparticles through which better target specific drug and gene delivery is possible. In conclusion nanoparticles for drug delivery and imaging have gradually been developed as new modalities for cancer therapy and diagnosis. This review illustrates the emerging role of nanotechnology in drug delivery.

About Authors:
NITIN M, MOHAN REDDY U*
Department of Pharmacology,
H.K.E.S’s, Matoshree Taradevi Rampure Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Sedam Road, Gulbarga- 585 105, Karnataka
*mohanreddy.udumula@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Gastric ulcer is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders, which affects approximately    5-10% of people during their life. The present study was aimed to find out the pharmacodynamic influence of vitamin E and esomeprazole and their combination on gastro intestinal parameters in pylorus ligation induced ulcers in rats in single and multiple dose studies.  Various parameters were studied in  pylorus ligation induced ulcer model viz. gastric volume, pH, total acidity, free acidity, and ulcer index.The antiulcer effect of the combination of vitamin E 0.9 mg/200 g and esomeprazole 0.54 mg/200 g b.w orally was compared with the reference standard esomeprazole 0.54 mg/200 g b.w orally. The ulcer index was calculated and other biochemical parameters of gastric juice were estimated. The ulcer index of combination showed significant (P < 0.05) reduction while other biochemical parameters like volume, pH, free acidity and total acidity of gastric juice showed highly significant (P < 0.001) reduction when compared to control and standard esomeprazole.

About Authors:
ATUL KABARA*, RUCHI THAKKAR, NITIN PATEL
Department of Pharmacology
G.H.B Pharmacy college,
Aniyad,Gujarat
*atul.kbr@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Lawsonia inermiscommonly known as Henna is a perineal herbaceous plant belonging to family Lauraceae. Traditionally it has been used to treat skin disease, dysentery, bronchitis, anemia and inflammation . The aim of present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Lawsonia leaves in rats. Aqueous extract was administered at a dose of 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg.

About Authors:
Patel Brilina M^*, Yadav Nisha D, Maheta Payal, Arora Bhoomi
Institute of clinical research India,
Ahmedabad,
Gujarat, India
*patelbrilina@gmail.com

Abstract:
Corticosteroids, often referred to as steroid medications, contain man-made versions of the hormone cortisol. Corticosteroids are mainly used to relieve inflammation. Inflammation occurs when the immune system causes part of the body to become swollen, red and filled with fluid in response to an infection. The immune system is the body’s natural defence against infection and illness. Steroids form an important component in pregnancy to reduce the inflammation and are used since very long time for different conditions in different forms. Though very few molecules are used since very long time. Now increase knowledge in uses of corticosteroids in pregnant women who suffer from asthma, skin diseases, rheumatoid arthritis etc.

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About authors:
1.Shashi Kant*, Satinder Kumar,
Research scholar department of pharmacy.
2. Dr. Bharat Prashar
HOD & Associate professor 
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Manav Bharti University, Solan (H.P)
shashi_ranaute@yahoo.in

ABSTRACT :
In this review article we discussed about are monospecific identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell. Monoclonal antibodies have monovalent affinity, in that they bind to the same epitope.Given almost any substance, it is possible to produce monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind to that substance; they can then serve to detect or purify that substance. This has become an important tool in biochemistry, molecular the non-proprietary drug name ends in mabs,in this we discussed type of monoclonal antibodies,preparation,targeting of monoclonal antibodies as well as advantages and disadvantages of monoclonal antibodies. antibodies that are biology and medicine.

About Authors:
Sachin Kaushik*, Dr. shivakumar Hugar
P.G. Department of Pharmacology,
B.L.D.E.A.’s college of Pharmacy,
Bijapur- 586103,
Karnataka,India
*sachin_2004_kaushik@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:
In the present study antistress activity was assessed against anoxia tolerance, swimming endurance and cold restraint stress models. In anoxia tolerance test, the mean time of appearing first convulsion in mice was taken as end point to determine the time of anoxia.  In swimming endurance test the mean time of swimming performance was recorded.The end point taken was when the animals remained at the bottom of swimming tank for 10 sec. Biochemical estimation like glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and BUN and weight of organs were measured in cold restraint stress model.

About Authors:
ATUL KABRA^* , PREMAL KAPADIA
Department of Pharmacology,
G.H.B Pharmacy college,
Aniyad, Gujarat
* atul.kbr@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
The cardiovascular risk factors were significantly abnormally altered in diabetic rats when compared to normal control. The present study FLEt with low dose of OHA’s indicates the significant improvement in endothelial dependent vasodilatation because the percentage relaxation produced by acetylcholine was more significant when these groups were compared with diabetic control.However all the treated groups restored these changes significantly to normal conditions in diabetic rats when compared to diabetic control. The combined therapy of FLEt and Fluvastatin was found to be significantly effective. Moreover, this combination was also found to demonstrate synergistic behavior than pioglitazone plus fluvastatin.
We conclude that of preventive therapy with combination of FLEt with OHA’s (low dose) may prevent the endothelial dysfunction in diabetic patients (prediabetic state) due to free radical scavenging activity, metabolic control.

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About Authors:
Purbajit Chetia*, Manash Pratim Pathak, Prerona Das
Deptt. of Pharmacology,
Himalayan Pharmacy Institute, Majhitar,
Rangpo, E- Sikkim(737132)
*purbasiv@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:
A free radical is an atom or group of atoms that contains at least one unpaired electron and can easily bond with another atom or molecule, causing a chemical reaction. Free radical is essential for body’s normal physiological functions. But when produced in excess quantities it can causes damage to the cells of the body. Human body generates pro-oxidants in the form of ROS and RNS which are effectively kept in check by the various levels of antioxidant defense. However, when it gets exposed to adverse physicochemical, environmental or pathological agents this delicately maintained balance is shifted in favor of pro-oxidants resulting in ‘oxidative stresses’. It has been implicated in the etiology of several human diseases including Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and in the process of ageing.At high concentrations, ROS can be important mediators of damage to cell structures, nucleic acids, lipids and proteins in case of the patients those who are suffering from RA. The hydroxyl radical is known to react with all components of the DNA molecule, damaging both the purine and pyrimidine bases and also the deoxyribose backbone.  Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints and tissue around the joints with infiltration of macrophages and activated T cells. The pathogenesis of this disease is linked predominantly with the formation of free radicals at the site of inflammation. The review is focusing the evidences concerning the involvement of free radicals in Rheumatoid Arthritis and their relationship to specific pathophysiological events.

About Author:
ATUL KABRA*, NITIN PATEL
Department of Pharmacology
G.H.B Pharmacy college,
Aniyad, Gujarat
* atul.kbr@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
The antiulcer effect of aqueous fruit extract of Zizizphus jujuba was studied in ethanol induced ulcer model in rats. The extract dose of 50 mg/kg, 100mg/kg, 200 mg/kgproduced significant inhibition of gastric lesion induced by ethanol. The extarct reduced ulcerative lesion, gastric volume, total acidityin ethanol induced ulcer model.The result obtained suggesting that extract possesses significant antiulcer activity.