Chemistry Articles

About Authors:
C.P.Meher*, S.P.Sethy, M.Madhavi
^*Asst. Professor
Maheshwara Institute of  Pharmacy,
Chitkul, Patancheru, Medak, A.P
*chaitanyameher84@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry are disciplines at the intersection of chemistry, especially synthetic organic chemistry, and pharmacology and various other biological specialties, where they are involved with design, chemical synthesis and development for market of pharmaceutical agents, or bio-active molecules (drugs).Very important part of above is the heterocyclic-chemistry. Now a days so many investigation are carried out for developing new chemical entities having suitability for human life. A lot of research work is going on presently for development of new heterocyclic derivatives.The present review article is concern with the three, five-membered heterocyclic compound pyrrole, furan & thiophene  derivatives that show diverse pharmacological activities.

About Authors:
Roshni Patel*, Prof. Arun Parikh, Prof. Vijayalakshmi  Gudaparthi
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J.Institute of Pharmacy,
S.G.Highway, Ahmedabad-382210
*roshanimpharm@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Medicinal chemistry involves chemical aspects of identification, and then systematic, thorough synthetic alteration of new chemical entities to make them suitable for therapeutic use. Indazoles have an important role in medicinal chemistry. Indazole  nucleus is an important class of nitrogen containing heterocyclic widely used as key building block for the synthesis of various pharmaceutically important agents. Indazole possess wide range of biological activities such as bactericidal, fungicidal, analgesic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory and antitumor. In the present study we have synthesized some novel 3,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-2-(substituted benzenesulphonyl)-3-(substituted phenyl)-2H-benzo[g]indazoles, by condensation of  1-tetralone with different substituted aromatic aldehydes and the resulted 2-(substituted benzylidene)-3,4,-dihydronaphtalen-1-ones on reaction with hydrazine hydrate in methanol followed by treatment with different substituted sulfonyl chlorides in pyridine gave the titled compounds.The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR and Mass spectral analysis. All newly synthesized derivatives were evaluated for antibacterial activity against  gram + ve and gram-ve bacteria B.cereus, S.aureus and E.coli respectivelyand antifungal activity againstC.albicans and all the synthesized compounds showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity.

About Author:
Hardik Patel^*, Sagar Solanki
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
K.B.Raval College of Pharmacy, Shertha,
Gandhinagar-382423, Gujarat, India.
*patel1928@yahoo.in

ABSTRACT
A new, simple, rapid, accurate, precise and sensitive method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Furosemide and Spironolactone in their combined tablet dosage form. The method was carried out on a Hiber C₁₈ column (250 mm×4.6mm, i.d.5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: water at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and the detection was carried out at 237 nm. The retention time of Furosemide and Spironolactone was 3.81 min and 7.28 min. respectively. Linearity for Furosemide and Spironolactone were found in the range of 2-10 μg/ml and 5-25 μg/ml respectively. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, and precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The proposed method can be used for estimation of both drugs in their combined dosage form.

About Authors:
Pritesh R. Patel^*, Priyank Patel, Jagath Pillai, Nilesh Darji, Bhagirath Patel
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Sat Kaival College of Pharmacy, Sarsa,
Ta & Dist: Anand (Gujarat), India-388365
*prit.pharma@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
As part of ongoing studies in developing new antimicrobials, a novel series of 4-acetamido-N-(substituted 1, 3-benzothiazol-2-yl) benzenesulphonamide and N-(substituted 1, 3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-(substituted aryl diazenyl) benzenesulphonamide were synthesized in order to determine their antibacterial and antifungal activity. The synthesized compounds were tested in vitro against two Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis; two Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosaand one fungal strain Candida albicans in comparison with standard drugs. Microbiological results showed that the synthesized compounds possessed a broad spectrum of antibacterial and antifungal activity against the tested microorganisms. The compounds with a 6-chloro (SK5b), 7-chloro-6-fluoro(SK5d) and 6-nitro (SK5e) on 2-amino benzothiazole ring possessing azo linkage showed better antimicrobial activity; almost similar or less to that of standard drugs thus they could be promising candidates for novel drugs. The novel heterocyclic derivatives were characterized by Physical characterization (Melting point, TLC) and different Spectroscopy techniques (IR, ¹H NMR and Mass spectroscopy).

About Authors:
Rakesh Bhatia*
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Jaipur National University,
Jaipur-302025 (Rajasthan), India
*rakesh.mpharm1304@yahoo.com

Abstract
Chemical synthesis data and their biological screening have provided a vast amount of experimental data. As a result of that, availability of large amount of biological data information through molecular biology has made drug discovery and development a more complex method. To combat these problems, Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) emerged as a very useful tool in drug design. QSAR has been applied extensively and successfully over several decades to find predictive models for activity of bioactive agents. QSAR have brought revolution in drug discovery process by thedevelopment of mathematicalrelationships linking chemical structures and pharmacological activity in quantitative manner of series of compounds. Description of the molecular structure, electronic orbital reactivity and the role of structural and steric components has been the subject of mathematical and statistical analysis. Computational drug design method in QSAR is a rapidly growing field which is now a very important component in the discipline of medicinal chemistry. Virtual filtering and screening of combinatorial libraries have recently gained attention as methods complimenting the high-throughput screening and combinatorial chemistry. These chemoinformatic techniques rely heavily on quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) analysis, a field with established methodology and successful history.By characterize a specific aspect of a molecule that is numbers containing structural information derived from the structural representation used for molecules under study called “Molecular descriptors” to find appropriate representations of the molecular structure of drug compoundsto obtain the structure-activity relationships in which these theoretical and computational methods are based, the ability to predict physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of these leads are becoming increasingly important in reducing the number of expensive methods and late development failures. Thus thereby, QSAR certainly decreases the number of compounds to be synthesized by easing the selection of the most promising candidates. This review seeks to provide a review on role of molecular descriptors in the drug design in QSAR.

About Authors:
^1*Ajeet, ²Shelly Singh
¹Department of Medicinal Chemistry, S. D. College of Pharmacy and Vocational Studies,
Bhopa Road, Muzaffarnagar, U.P., India, PIN-251001
²Department of Pharmaceutics, Mahatma Gandhi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
* ajeet_pharma111@rediffmail.com

Abstract
Iontophoresis, a 250 years old technology for delivering the drug is simply based on the use of electrical potential. Being so old, it is still having too popped up just because of its unlimited aspects to work with. In the present review, I tried to compile the vast aspects of a drug delivery system termed as iontophoresis. Iontophoresis is one of the most interesting and challenging endeavors facing the pharmaceutical scientist. The systemic drug delivery systems often require large dose and are associated with gastrointestinal side effects, while topical application of solutions, suspensions, and ointments show variability in absorption patterns. Iontophoresis technique is capable of expanding the range of compounds that can be delivered through ocular, transdermal, ural, transungual, buccal or by nasal route.

About Authors:
Sukhbir L.Khokara¹*, Naveen², Jitendra², Balram², Dhirender², Rajender Kumar^1
1Department of Pharmacy, Manav Bharti University, Solan (H.P.) 173229
²Institute of pharmaceutical sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Harayana-136119
rajkaushal13@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
These heterocyclic moiety are prepared by different method and  have different biological and physiological properties. The widespread use of 1,3, 4 –oxadiazole as a scaffold in medicinal chemistry establishes this moiety as an important bioactive class of heterocyclic compounds. These compound have biological properties like anticonvulsant, analgesic, antipyretic, antimitotic,antitubercular and antimicrobial etc.