About Authors:
C.P.Meher*, S.P.Sethy, M.Madhavi
*Asst. Professor
Maheshwara Institute of Pharmacy,
Chitkul, Patancheru, Medak, A.P
*chaitanyameher84@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry are disciplines at the intersection of chemistry, especially synthetic organic chemistry, and pharmacology and various other biological specialties, where they are involved with design, chemical synthesis and development for market of pharmaceutical agents, or bio-active molecules (drugs).Very important part of above is the heterocyclic-chemistry. Now a days so many investigation are carried out for developing new chemical entities having suitability for human life. A lot of research work is going on presently for development of new heterocyclic derivatives.The present review article is concern with the three, five-membered heterocyclic compound pyrrole, furan & thiophene derivatives that show diverse pharmacological activities.
Reference Id: PHARMATUTOR-ART-1528
INTRODUCTION:
Pharmaceutical chemistry is focused on quality aspects of medicines and aims to assure fitness for purpose of medicinal products. At the biological interface, medicinal chemistry combines to form a set of highly interdisciplinary sciences, setting its organic, physical, and computational emphases alongside biological areas such as biochemistry, molecular biology, pharmacognosy and pharmacology, toxicology and veterinary and human medicine; these, with project management, statistics, and pharmaceutical business practices, systematically oversee altering identified chemical agents such that after pharmaceutical formulation, they are safe and efficacious, and therefore suitable for use in treatment of disease. The three heterocyclic compound have a wide range of biological properties that provide an increasing number of therapeutic applications. Some properties are common to all the three(pyrrole,furan,thiophene) whereas others are characteristic only of certain compounds. Considerable insight may be gained into the mechanism of action of the pyrrole,furan,thiophene by seeking correlations between their chemical and biological properties.
A comparative study of the three heterocyclic nucleus are briefly describe in table-1 as below
Table-1
Numerous biological activity of the three heterocyclic derivatives(pyrrole,furan,thiophene) are given in table-2,table-3 & table-4 respectively.
PYRROLE:
Pyrrole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, a five-membered ring with the formula C4H4NH. It is a colourless volatile liquid that darkens readily upon exposure to air. Substituted derivatives are also called pyrroles, e.g., N-methylpyrrole, C4H4NCH3. Porphobilinogen, a trisubstituted pyrrole, is the biosynthetic precursor to many natural products such as heme.Pyrroles are components of more complex macrocycles, including the porphyrins of heme, the chlorins, bacteriochlorins, chlorophyll, porphyrinogens. Given below is a brief account of various alterations conducted on pyrrole ring containing few important marketed drugs, drugs under clinical trial and their associated biological activities in table-2.
Table-2
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FURAN:
Furan is a heterocyclic organic compound, consisting of a five-membered aromatic ring with four carbon atoms and one oxygen. The class of compounds containing such rings are also referred to as furans. Furan is a colorless, flammable, highly volatile liquid with a boiling point close to room temperature. It is soluble in common organic solvents, including alcohol, ether and acetone, but is insoluble in water. It is toxic and may be carcinogenic. Furan is used as a starting point to other specialty chemicals.Various biological activities that are associated with the furan are derivatives are given in table-3.
Table-3
THIOPHENE:
Thiophene, also commonly called thiofuran, is a heterocycliccompound with the formula C4H4S. Consisting of a flat five-membered ring, it is aromaticas indicated by its extensive substitution reactions. Related to thiophene are benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene, containing the thiophene ring fused with one and two benzene rings, respectively. Compounds analogous to thiophene include furan(C4H4O) and pyrrole(C4H4NH).A large number of biological activity that are associated with the pyrrole nucleus containing drugs are given in table-4
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Table-4
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CONCLUSION:
Hetero cyclic compound containing pyrrole, furan, thiophene nucleus plays most important role in the the field of clinical therapeutics.It shows wide range of activities for medication purpose. Vast number of pyrrole, furan & thiophene containing compounds have been synthesized and evaluated for their biological activity.The various substituted pyrrole, furan, thiophene are having significant antihypertensive activity., Significant antineoplastic and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, some modified pyrrole, furan, thiophene are found to to be effective as tricyclic antidepressant, Dissociative anesthetic,antibacterial properties, Antipsychotic. whereas some of the derivatives of pyrrole, furan, thiophene are found to be effective as analgesic, antipsychotic, Antiarrhythmic, sedative hypnotics. Recently it was proven that, some of the important marketed pyrrole, furan, thiophene nucleous containing drug having different biological or pharmacological activity were discussed in table above. The pyrrole, furan, thiophene based pharmaceutical are rapidly becoming very important class of therapeutic agents and are likely to replace many existing organic based pharmaceuticals in the very near future. The pyrrole, furan, thiophene based pharmaceuticals will be produced on a large scale by modern drug Discovery Company by different research development processes and will be come available commercially for therapeutic use. With the key benefits including favorable time to market and high rate of success in clinical trial compared with traditional pharmaceuticals due to diverse biological action with less toxicity, so in future therapeutic pyrrole, furan, thiophene drug will play vital role in the treatment of different diseases. The biological profiles of this new generation of pyrrole, furan, thiophene represent much progress with regard to the older compounds.
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