About Authors: Mrugank BP¹,  Mangala L²,  Hareesha RP³
Department(s) and institution(s)
1. National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Department of Pharmacy Practice, M.Pharm (Student)
2. Gauhati Medical College and Hospital (GMCH), Department of Pharmacology, Prof and Head; Chief academic co-ordinator, NIPER-Ghy.
3. National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Department of Pharmacy Practice, M.Pharm (Student)

Reference ID: PHARMATUTOR-ART-1048

Abstract:
Background: "Pharmacovigilance is the science and activity relating the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other possible drug - related problems." ^[1]

Literature:Periodic safety update reports (PSUR)^[2]and Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA)^[3]are two important assets for maintenance of Drug safety Pharmacovigilancesystem as they are designed to represent the safety data on a particular drug from all the sources and geographical regions in the worldand to understand internationally, accepted clinically validated medical terminology for medical coding respectively.

About Authors: Bindi G. Chavda¹ ,Vipul P. Patel², Tushar R. Desai³,
1. Authour, R.K. College of Pharmacy, Kasturbadham, Rajkot.
2. Assistant professor (M.Pharm), R.K. College of Pharmacy, Kasturbadham, Rajkot.
3. Principal (Ph.D), Department of pharmacology, R.K. College of Pharmacy, Kasturbadham, Rajkot.

Reference ID: PHARMATUTOR-ART-1047

ABSTRACT
Chewing gums are mobile drug delivery systems. It is a potentially useful means of administering drugs either locally or systemically via, the oral cavity. The medicated chewing gum has through the years gained increasing acceptance as a drug delivery system. Several ingredients are now incorporated in medicated chewing gum, e.g. Fluoride for prophylaxis of dental caries, chlorhexidine as local disinfectant, nicotine for smoking cessation, aspirin as an analgesic, and caffeine as a stay alert preparation. In addition, a large number of chewing gum intended for prevention of caries, xerostomia alleviation, and vitamin/ mineral supplementation are currently available. Medicated chewing gums are solid, single dose preparations with a base consisting mainly of gums that are intended to be chewed but not swallowed. Today improved technology and extended know how have made it possible to develop and manufacture medicated chewing gum with predefined properties. Consequently today chewing gum is a convenient drug delivery system, which is appropriate for a wide range of active substances.

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Flamingo Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is a quality driven pharmaceutical company with an experience of over two decades in global markets, exporting to 52 countries and having Rs.200 crores+ turnover. Flamingo has WHO-GMP/UK MHRA certified 100% EOU unit.

Symbiotec Pharmalab Ltd., a cortico-steroids API manufacturing company based at Indore in Central India is in the business of development, production and marketing of research-based cortico steroids.

Natural Remedies, a pioneer in phytopharmaceuticals is today credited with integrating scientific approach to search medicines and health supplements ensuring purity, safety and affordability. Our diversified solutions blend the understanding of benefits of medicinal herbs with modern science to develop and provide Herbal Veterinary Medicines, Human Health Supplements, Animal Health Products and Standardized Herbal Extracts.

Ultratech India Limited is a FDA, GMP & ISO certified manufacturer that caters to worldwide pharma markets for products across the pharmaceutical value chain ranging from a wide range of Pharmaceutical Formulations in various dosage forms ( Tablets, Capsules, Syrups, Injections, Nasal Sprays, Metered Dose Inhalers) to Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients and upto advanced drug intermediates.

Recruitment of Professional Consultant, Technical Data Associates, Data Entry Operators and Office Assistants in the Office of CDSCO on contractual basis- applications regarding -

CavinKare, having established a firm foothold in the national market, is increasing its popularity in the international arena. A dedicated Research & Development centre, equipped with latest equipment and technologies, constantly supports the various divisions in their endeavour. The Company, which primarily relied on contract manufacturing for many years has now set up its own world class plant at Haridwar to cater to the demand of both domestic and international market.

Surya Healthcare is a subsidiary of Surya Pharmaceuticals Limited with widespread domestic and international operations. The force behind Surya Healthcare is its parent company Surya Pharmaceuticals Limited. It is uniquely positioned in the Pharmaceutical trade known for its competencies in API, formulation and contract manufacturing across different therapeutic segments serving both domestic and international clients.

The National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) set up Indian Immunologicals Ltd. (IIL) in 1982 with the objective of making Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) vaccine available to farmers at an affordable price. The technology for FMD vaccine manufacture was obtained from M/s. Wellcome Foundation Limited, United Kingdom. The plant in Hyderabad today has a capacity to make 80 million trivalent doses of FMD vaccine.

A global healthcare leader, Novartis has one of the most exciting product pipelines in the industry today. A pipeline of innovative medicines brought to life by diverse, talented and performance driven people. All of which makes them one of the most rewarding employers in their field.

Biocon is a research-driven, global healthcare company with a strong matrix of capabilities along the biopharmaceutical value chain. Focusing on unmet medical needs in cancer, diabetes and inflammatory diseases, it offers novel therapies on a platform of affordable innovation.
Biocon together with group companies employs more than 2500 employees with approxmimately Rs 1,000 crore turnover and is expected to grow further during the current financial year.

About Author: Riddhi M. Katira¹, Vipul P. Patel³, Tushar R. Desai⁴
1. Authour, R.K. College of Pharmacy, Kasturbadham, Rajkot.
2. Assistant professor, Department of pharmaceutics, R.K. College of Pharmacy, Kasturbadham, Rajkot.
3. Principal, Department of pharmacology, R.K. College of Pharmacy, Kasturbadham, Rajkot.

ABSTRACT
Appropriate for use in this population. These drugs may be prepared extemporaneously for use in individual patients. Physical and chemical properties of drugs and excipients should be considered when preparing extemporaneous formulations. These formulations, however, may lack studies to document stability, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and tolerability.

Abour Author: Kesinath Kotha*1, Varun Raj Vemula2, Rupesh Kotte3
1. Department of Pharmacy Practice, St Peters institute of pharmaceutical sciences, Warangal, A.P
2. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vikas College of Pharmacy, Warangal, A.P.
3. SRR college of pharmaceutical sciences, Karimnagar, A.P.

ABSTRACT
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is chronic obstruction of the flow of air through the airways and out of the lungs, and the obstruction generally is permanent and may be progressive over time. According to WHO in India, a study collecting data without spirometry assessment suggested that 12 million people were affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Recent studies show a prevalence of respiratory symptoms in 6%–7% of non-smokers and up to 14% of smokers. In a recent study in southern India, the prevalence rate of COPD in adults was around 7%. COPD is the fourth leading cause of death in the U.S. and the economic burden of COPD in the U.S. in 2007 was $42.6 billion in health care costs and lost productivity.
In view of its importance, the use of corticosteroids in treatment & management of COPD in acute & chronic conditions has been discussed along with emphasis on recent research trends. Use of corticosteroids & different combination products in the treatment of COPD along with their uses and side effects are presented.

About Author: Naresh Sharma,
M.pharma (Pharmacognosy)
Department of Pharmacognosy, Lachoo Memorial College of Science and Technology,
Jodhpur, India.

ABSTRACT
Due to Lack of knowledge regarding the toxic effects of synthetic compound in mosquito repellents,synthetic mosquito repellents are widely used. The prolong use of synthetic mosquito repellents shows many side effects like neurotoxic hazards, immunotoxic hazards, skin allergy, seizures, eye irritation, insomnia, impaired congnitive function, cough, sneezing, headache, asthma, bronchial irritation, itching,ear, nose and throat pain, dermatitis, reproductive dysfunction, development impairment and cancer, death. Synthetic mosquito repellents contains very toxic compounds such as DEET, picaridin, permethrin, P?Menthane?3, 8?diol (PMD) etc. These draw backs created a pathway for herbal mosquito repellents coil. Large numbers of herbal drugs are used in these mosquito repellents like Neem, Vekhand, Tulsi, Ajowan, Raal, etc along with other natural ingredients. The efforts are made to study the traditional beliefs from scientific approach. The main aim of this product development is to provide employment to the rural youth and to promote the use of herbal mosquito repellent coil as complete safe alternate of chemical repellents.

The Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology is one of the National Institute under the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research which is an autonomous body. It is located on a 250 acres of land with the backdrop of snow-covered peaks of Dhauladhar Range in salubrious climate.