About Authors:
Nirav D.Langhneja^1*, Tushar  Vaja¹, Dr. Vijay K. Parmar^2
1M.Pharm, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
²Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Sardar Patel University,
Vallabh Vidyanagar-388120, Gujarat.
*laghnejanirav@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION
Sildenafil citrate 1-[[3-(6,7-Dihydro -1-methyl- 7-oxo-3-propyl -1H-pyrazolo [4,3-d] pyrimidin-5-yl) -4-ethoxyphenyl]sulphonyl]-4-methyl piperazine citrate and it is a popularly known as Viagra .It is a compound of the pyrazolo-pyrimidinyl-methyl piperazine class, and is used to treat male erectile dysfunction (Boolell.M et.al 1996, Morales. A, et.al 1998). It is a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5  inhibitor. The structural formulae is C22H30N6O4S. It is an ampholyte with pKa value 4 (pirydinium ion) and 8.8 (benzimidazole). Sildenafil citrate is twice as soluble in methanol than in water. Its solubility decreases with pH up to 9 when it starts to increase again. Sildenafil citrate could be determined by several analytical techniques, Densitometry, spectrophotometry, colorimetry, HPLC, GC-MS, MEKC and capillary electrophoresis.

The National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) is an Institute of national importance established by an Act of Parliament under the aegis of Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Government of India. The main thrust areas of the institute are Tuberculosis, Malaria, Leishmaniasis and Diabetes.

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About Authors:
Sanober Parveen*, Maju Vyas Singh
Delhi institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & research University (DIPSAR), Delhi.
*sanober.parveen@gmail.com

Abstract
The present study was aimed Pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical study of the fresh fruits of Alstonia scholaris, belonging to family Apocynaceae.The pharmacognostic investigation were carried out in terms of macroscopic, microscopic and physical parameters. The extract obtained after successive Soxhlet extraction of dried fruit using n-hexane, chloroform, methanol and water were subjected to a preliminary phytochemical screening which revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrate, glycoside, terpenoids and flavanoids.

About Authors:
Birajdar Shivprasad M.*, Mule Madhav¹
*Department of Quality Assurance, Maharashtra College of Pharmacy, Nilanga.
¹School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University
Vishnupuri, Nanded-431606, Maharashtra, India,
*birajdar100@gmail.com

Abstract
Preservatives have been used and known to mankind since a very long time. These are used in cosmetics to increase the shelf life of product so that aroma, taste and the cosmetics itself can be stored for a longer period of time. Also cosmetics degradation is prevented by them. Preservatives, whether natural or artificial, work as in three different ways: Antimicrobial, Antioxidants and Act on enzymes. In antimicrobial, the growth of microbes like bacteria and fungi is inhibited. In antioxidants the process of oxidation is either delayed or stopped. And the one that acts on enzymes stops the ripening or aging of cosmetics product. Preservation is important part in many industries, such as the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, as the shelf life of many cosmetic and pharmaceutical products is important. The present review is an extensive compilation of various preservatives obtained from plant, synthetic and microbial source.The safety of preservatives is always coming into question. Since these are all biologically active products, they all have potential for being toxic, or irritating, or sensitizing.

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About Authors:
A.D.Taranalli, Dilip Patoliya*, Sonal Chanchlani, Vishal Patel, Keyur Makadiya
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics,
K.L.E. University’s College of Pharmacy, Belgaum.
*Dilip_patoliya@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:
Ulcerative colitis is a chronically recurrent inflammatory bowel disease of unknown origin in which oxidative stress has been implicated. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate possible protective effect of alcoholic extract of Aloe Vera against the drug induced model of colitis in rats. Induction of colitis by colonic administration of drugs(Acetic acid, Indomethacin and TNBS) cause severe microscopic inflammation of colon after 24 hrs of administration of one of any above  inducing agent, as assessed by the macroscopically. Microscopically colonic tissue showed ulceration, oedema and inflammatory cell infiltration. Biochemical estimation studies revealed decrease in serum levels of lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) may be due to increase in Colonic concentration of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF- α) and neutrophill infiltration index. Oxidative stress was indicated by reduced glutathione concentration (GSH) as well as increase in levels of lipid peroxidase (LPO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in colonic tissue. Pretreatment with Aloe Vera extract at a dose of (400mg/kg/day, orally),10 days before induction of colitis increase level of serum LDH and GHS, while colonic concentration of LPO and MPO was increased. It also showed decrease in macroscopic score. The findings of the present study provide evidence that Aloe Vera extract may be beneficial in inflammatory bowel disease.

About Authors:
*Anton Vinoth.T , Prof .K. Nagarajan , Mr. Manikandan
Department of Pharmacy practice, K.M College of Pharmacy,
Madurai, Tamilnadu
*vinoth.anton@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Mood disorders (affective disorders) are among the most common mental disorders encountered in clinical practice and divided into bipolar disorders and depressive disorders. The essential feature of these disorders is a major disturbance in mood. Depression is common, affecting about 121 million people world wide. At its worst depression can lead to suicide, a tragic fatality associated with the loss of about 85000 lives every year. By the year 2020, depression is projected to reach the second Major depression is among the most common mental disorders encountered in clinical practice. The problems associated with depression can become chronic or recurrent and lead to substantial impairment in an individual’s ability to take care of his or her everyday responsibilities. At its worst depression can lead to suicide, a tragic fatality associated with the loss of a large number of lives every year. Depression is the leading cause of disability as measured by YLDs and the leading contributor to the global burden of diseases (DALYs) in 2000.

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The aim of the study is tocompare the efficacy of Citalopram and Escitalopram in the Major Depressive Disorder Patients during the first 8 weeks (acute phase) of treatment.

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