Pharmacology Articles

7 June 2016

A Review on chemistry and Pharmacological activity of Cinnarizine and Dimenhydrinate combine dosage form

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Suleman S. khoja, Parthkumar H. Chauhan, Maulik N. Patel, Harsha D. Jani
Department of Quality Assurance,
Shivam Pharmaceutical Studies and Research Centre, Anand, Gujarat.
premukhoja@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Cinnarizine and Dimenhydrinate combination are active contain and approved by CDSCO The two substances belong to different groups of medicines. Cinnarizine is a part of a group called calcium antagonists. Dimenhydrinate belongs to a group called antihistamines Also used in Treatment of vertigo symptoms of various origins. exhibits anti-emetic and antivertiginous effects through influencing the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the region of the 4th ventricle. Dimenhydrinate thus acts predominantly on the central vestibular system. Due to its calcium antagonistic properties, cinnarizine acts mainly as a vestibular sedative through inhibition of the calcium influx into the vestibular sensory cells. Cinnarizine thus acts predominantly on the peripheral vestibular system. Both cinnarizine and dimenhydrinate are known to be effective in the treatment of vertigo. The combination product is more effective than the individual compounds in the population studied. The product has not been evaluated in motion sickness. Maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) of cinnarizine and diphenhydramine are reached in humans within 2 - 4 hours. metabolised in the liver. Cinnarizine is mainly eliminated via the faeces (40-60%) and to a lower extent also in urine, mainly in the form of metabolites conjugated with glucuronic acid. The major route of elimination of diphenhydramine is in the urine
25 April 2016

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ZIZIPHUS JUJUBA IN LEAD INDUCED CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY IN ALBINO RATS

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ABOUT AUTHORS
G.Hema Latha¹*, MD.Sultan Ali², C.Vijaya lakshmi R.Kiran kumar¹, C.V.H.Hemavathy¹
¹ Kottam Institute of Pharmacy, Erravally X Roads, Mahaboob Nagar, Telangana
² Safa College of Pharmacy, Kurnool, A.P
*hemarayudu19@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Protective effect of ziziphus jujuba in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in albino rats. The main aim of the present work is to evaluate the Protective effect of Ziziphus jujuba in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in albino rats. Objectives are to test the Preliminary phytochemical screening of Aqueous & Petroleum ether extracts of “Ziziphus Jujuba”. Group 1: Control group; Group 2: Animals treated with lead 0.1 ml/100 g body weight i.p; Group 3: Animals treated with Petroleum ether extract of Ziziphus Jujuba 250mg/kg; Group 4: Animals treated with Petroleum ether extract of Ziziphus Jujuba 500mg/kg.All the groups were subjected to pre-treatment for a period of 7 days except Control group. To compare the changes in Quantification of infract size in normal and treated groups. To compare the changes in SGOT levels in Control and treated groups. The protective effect of the aqueous extract ,petroleum ether extract of Ziziphus Jujuba may be due to the presence of flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids and tannins. There was a dose dependent increase in cerebral protection in terms of reduction of infarct size of brain tissue and SGOT levels in serum. Furthermore investigation is needed to find out the particular constituent which is responsible this protective activity.
29 March 2016

ADR MONITORING: AN ESSENTIAL NEED FOR BETTER HEALTH CARE AND SAFETY

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Annu*, Priyanka
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
*annu.gvm@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is the noxious and unintended response that occurs at the dose of drug normally used for prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy of disease. ADRs cause a huge burden on the modern society because of the increase incidence of the morbidity and mortality. ADRs can occur with any class of drugs and the availability of the more and more number of therapeutics increases the risk of ADRs consequently. It has been found that the maximum numbers of ADRs occur more among infants and children and also they are generally more severe as compared to adults. ADRs are of particular interest in today’s practice because clinical trials are done in the limited number of the subjects and therefore the drug which is found safer in the clinical trial may produces serious ADRs. The most common reason for this is that the clinical studies generally have limited sample size and have low statistical power. Therefore the ADRs monitoring is an essential need for the better health care and therefore the health care centre should promotes the spontaneous monitoring, reporting, documentation and prevention of ADRs.
20 March 2016

HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF GLIMEPIRIDE BY INDUCING CCL4 HEPATOTOXICITY

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ABOUT AUTHORS
C.V.H.Hemavathy*, B. Raj kumar, R. Kiran kumar, G. Hema latha
Department of Pharmacy,
Kottam Institute of Pharmacy,
Erravally X Roads, Mahaboob Nagar
*hemarayudu19@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Hepatoprotective activity of by inducing ccl₄ hepatotoxicity. To study the hepatoprotective activity of against CCL4 induced hepatotoxcity. To evaluate the mechanism of hepatoprotection in terms of Liver antioxidant mechanism, Histopathological study. The animals were divided into Four groups of three animals each. Except the normal group all the other groups received ccl4 in at a dose of 0.1 ml/kg by intraperitoneally for 14 days. Normal groups received plain tween 80 orally. On the 14^th day all the rats from all the groups were sacrificed, blood was collected from each animal for serum analysis and their livers were stored under freezing conditions for the estimation of endogenous anti oxidants and one sample from each group was stored in 10% formalin for histopathological studies. In bio-chemical studies- Serum analytical methods (AST), (ALT), (Alk.P), (Bil), (TP), (TC). The present findings observed in this study revealed that,glimepirideis natural antioxidant lignin possess significant antioxidant activity against ccl₄ induced hepatotoxicity via antioxidant mechanism. However, further research is required to find out the other possible mechanism of hepatoprotection to conform that as glimepiridehepatoprotective molecule.
16 March 2016

EMERGENCE OF NOVEL PEPTIDE MOLECULAR CLASS AS ANTIBIOTICS

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Akansha Bhandari¹, Nitisha Bhandari^2*

1Department of Lifesciences,
Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Technology and Science, Patel Nagar, Dehradun, India
² Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, India
*nitishabhandari89@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Modern era diseases bring more challenges and hurdles to the rational drug targeting. However chemotherapy is the most affected area as most reports are related to antibiotics resistance. Although some successes are accounted as new molecules and new structures are keep on synthesizing or either isolated. One such example is Teixobactin which is isolated for Eleftheria terrae, which was found to be active against Staphylococcus and Mycobacterium bacteria. The story of Teixobactin isolation could open new horizon and opportunistic ways for future designing of useful drugs against these resistance bacteria. In the similar context we tried to compile the relevant paper that was published in nature in 2015 into a commentary based critical review.
4 March 2016

A SHORT REVIEW ON ZIKA VIRUS PAST, PRESENT STRATAGIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTIVES

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ABOUT AUTHORS
M .Manasa Rekha¹*, A. Bharath Kumar¹, T.Mubeena¹, C. Gopinath²
¹Department of Pharmacy Practice,
Annamacharya college of Pharmacy, Rajampet, Andhra Pradesh, India.
²Department of Phytopharmaceuticals and Pharmacognosy,
Annamacharya college of Pharmacy, Rajampet, Andhra Pradesh, India.
manasarekharoyal@gmail.com

Zika virus(ZIKV) is a member of the virus family Flaviviridae and the genus Flavivirus and It is transmitted Aedes mosquitoes like A. aegypti and A. albopictus,which are active at day times^[1,2].
27 January 2016

REVIEW: COMBINED CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL AND PIOGLITAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE THERAPY IN METABOLIC SYNDROME

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18 January 2016

PHARMACOLOGY OF COMBINED MESALZINE AND RIFAXIMIN THERAPY TO INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Prajapati Krishna V*, Raj Hasumati A, Jain Vinit C, Prajapati Neelam S.
Department of Quality Assurance,
Shree Dhanvantary Pharmacy College, Kim, Surat, Gujarat, India
*krish1112k@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
This review article presents the pharmacology of combined Mesalazine and Rifaximin therapy especially in inflammatory bowel disease. Mesalazine is used as in anti-inflammatory agent, Non-Steroidal. Rifaximin is used in Gastrointestinal Agents, Anti-infective agent. The use of Rifaximin in combination with Mesalazine has been proved to provide beneficial effect in inflammatory bowel disease. The mechanism of Mesalazine and Rifaximin is quite different. Mesalamine and Rifaximin are two different types of drugs offering some symptomatic relief to the IBD patients. Mesalamine treats inflammation, whereas, Rifaximin reduces bio burden.
Patent for combination of both drugs were approved by WIPO. The main objective of this review article is to provide pharmacological information of combined therapy of Mesalazine and Rifaximin to researcher in development of combined dosage form of this.
21 December 2015

A SHORT REVIEW ON RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Sabya Sampad Swain, Nadugopal Bhuyan, Chaitanya Prasad Meher
Gayatri institute of science & technology (GIST), Gunupur, Rayagada, Orissa
swainsabhya@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Rheumatoid arthritis is most common disease in India as well as outside India. The Centers for Disease Control and prevention estimates that more than 40 million Americans have some form of arthritis or chronic joint disorder out of them 7 million Americans suffer from arthritis in its most debilitating forms. Arthritis foundation classified rheumatic diseases as inflammatory disorders affecting more & more individuals than any chronic illness. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis in the United States, affecting about 12% of Americans between the ages of 25 and 74. Rheumatoid arthritis is thought to affect well over 2 million Americans (two to three times more females more than males), whereas juvenile arthritis affects 71,000 children under 16 years of age, 61,000 of whom are females. The presented article is concern with a brief idea about rheumatoid arthritis.
20 October 2015

BESTOWING PHARM.D TO THE ERA OF HEALTHCARE TECHNOLOGY AND PATIENT SAFETY

ABOUT AUTHORS:
Tarun Singh
India’s Leading Drugs Consultant
SSJ Hospital
doctarunsethi@gmail.com

Advancement in health and medicine has enhanced the life expectancy of human beings. For last hundred years' medicinal processes and medical equipment are proved to be the boon to human health for diagnosing properly and for applying proper medicines to the patient.

Medicine is considered as one of the most important necessity to all of us. It is derived from the Latin words arsmedicina meaning "the art of healing". Medicine and Drugs are the synonyms. Drugs is concerned with maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, treatment and possible prevention of disease, injury and other damage to a body or mind. It ignites the human mind to initiate more research to find other sophisticated technology for adding value to medical science. Due to consistent effort of doctors and scientists now we have latest medical equipmentfor diagnosis, High quality medicine packaging machines, Computerised blood testing machines, digital & robotic testing machines.