Review Articles

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Anil Kumar Jain¹*, Mona Kejariwal^2
1 Dr. P.K. Sethi Rehabilitation Centre, Santokba Durlabhji Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
²Department of Botany, R.D. National and W.A. Science College,  Bandra (west), Mumbai, India.
*anil.rehab64@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Designed in and named after Jaipur, India, the prosthetic foot was designed to be inexpensive, water-resistant, and quick to fit and manufacture. Several field trials case studies were made and this artificial aid was found to be very comfortable and acceptable to the amputee population following floor sitting culture.  The quality assertion and standards related to these prostheses at affordable cost assume great significance especially for India and other developing countries. Environmental issues such as biodegradability of various components like microcellular rubber, tread rubber, nylon cord, cushion compound and skin colour rubber and other. It is necessary that biodegradation issues should be widely held at various platforms beside its bioengineering and designing issues for proper handling and storage concerns. Approval standards and quality control should be a part of the development effort prior to regular production and use of these low cost prostheses.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
¹Neeraj Kumar Lohani*, ²Prakash Singh Nainwal
¹Institute of Biomedical Education & Research, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh- Uttar Pradesh, India,
²Govt. medical College Haldwani, Nainital Uttrakhand, India
*neerajlohani06@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Oral granular cell tumour is a rare soft tissue tumour ofcan develop on any skin or mucosal surface. Granular cell tumors can affect all parts of the body; however, the head and neck areas are affected 45% to 65% of the time. Of the head and neck cases 70% of lesions are located intraorally (tongue, oral mucosa, hard palate). The next most common location that lesions are found in the head and neck area is the larynx(10%).^[1] In patients 30% of cases have been reported to occur in the lip, but this presentation in adults is extremely rare. The present study is concerned a case of oral granular cell tumour in a 60 year-old female, located in the upper lip. Histopathological examination revealed granular cells which stained positively for S-100 protein; a finding supportive of a neural origin. A history of trauma was elicited in this case, and the lesion was treated with surgical excision.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Suresh Rewar¹*, Dashrath Mirdha², Prahlad Rewar^3
1Department of pharmaceutics, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan,
²Dr. Sarvepali Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurved University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
³Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
sureshrewar1990@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
A severe viral illness caused by a newly discovered coronavirus was first reported in the Middle East in 2012. The virus has since been named the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV cases have been reported in several countries around the world in travelers from the Middle East., A substantial number of Indians live and work in Gulf countries. People from India also travel to Saudi Arabia as Pilgrims to Hajj. The illness has a high mortality rate. Limited human-to-human transmission has occurred including transmission to health care workers. The source of the virus remains unclear, but camels are a possible source. Since April 2012 and as of 20 February 2015, 1042 cases (including 419 deaths) of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have been reported by local health authorities worldwide. Laboratory confirmation of MERS-CoV infections to date has largely been by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) of lower respiratory tract specimens. Neither a vaccine nor effective therapy against the virus is available. Treatment consists of limited to supportive care, including mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure and/or hemodialysis in the setting of renal failure. Therapeutic modalities based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have shown clinical success in the treatment of many diseases.

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ABOUT AUTHROS:
Bikash Debnath*, Md. JashimUddin, Debasish Maiti
State Biotech Hub, Department of Human Physiology,
Tripura University, Suryamaninagar.
*bikashrips2014@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Central nervous system (CNS) drug development will be biology driven. Due to absence of functional platform for CNS drug targeting since, the large molecules pharmaceuticals cannot be delivered to brain. About 1.5 billion people worldwide are suffering from various type of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Overcome to this problem modern pharmaceutical technology manufacturing the nonaparticles. Properly use of nonamedicines (nanoparticles) is one of the ways to control the CNS disorder in all over world. Nanoparticles are particles between 1 to 100 nm in size. Using nanotechnology it is possible to deliver the drug to the specific site of the tissue across the Blood -Brain Barrier (BBB).Various types of nanoparticle are available for treatment of CNS disorders. These are lipid based nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymer-based nanoparticles etc.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Shweta Vashist*, Jyoti Kaushik, Batra K. Sunil
Department of Pharmaceutics,
Hindu College of Pharmacy, Sonipat
shwetavashist55@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Skin is the main target of topical and transdermal preparations. Major aim of transdermal drug delivery sytem is to cross the stratum corneum. Now-a-days we better know vesicles have importance in cellular communication. Niosomal carrier are systems containing soft vesicles, composed of non –ionic surfactant and an alternative to liposomes. They can entrap both hydrophilic and hydrophobic chemicals but these types of vesicles include the superior physical stability problems such as aggregation, fusion, and leakage of encapsulated drug. Proniosomes are provesicular approach which overcomes the limitations of vesicular system (Niosomes). Provesicular approach has been proposed to enhance the stability of vesicles. Proniosomes is a compact semi-solid liquid crystalline product of non- ionic surfactant  easily formed on dissolving the surfactant in minimal amount of acceptable solvent and the least amount of aqueous phase. Proniosomes can be converted into niosomes in –situ by absorbing water from the skin.

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