Annamacharya college of pharmacy

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Alti Aparna^1*, Seema Pushpa Latha¹, Gopalgari Lakshmi Nagarjun¹, Galammagari Nagaraju¹, C. Gopinath¹, P. Murali Madhav^2
1Annamacharya College of Pharmacy, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh.
²Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh.
aparna.althi@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is on alarming rise in India. Drug utilization studies help to identify the adherence to standard guidelines and extent of drug use and to evaluate the rational drug usage.
Aims and objectives: To determine the drug utilization pattern and effectiveness of oral hypoglycemic agents among diabetes mellitus patients.
Materials and methods: It is a prospective observational study carried out for a period of six months at RIMS kadapa, and two others diabetic centers. The diabetic patients who visited the medicine outpatient department were included. After obtaining approval from institutional ethical committee, a structured data collection form was used to collect demographic data, complete prescription details and other relevant information required for the study. The drug utilization pattern was determined. The drugs were categorized by Anatomical therapeutic classification (ATC) and DDD/1000 inhabitants/day was calculated by using WHO guidelines. Among all oral hypoglycemic agents the most effective drug/combination in this region was identified.
RESULTS:  716 prescriptions were assessed out of which,401(56.0%) were females and 315(43.9%) were males, most of the patients were in the age group of 40-60 for males 175(55%) and females 205(51.1%). Hypertension was the most common co-morbid seen. The average number of drugs per prescription was 4.26 and anti-diabetics per prescription was 1.79. DDD/1000 inhabitants/day for metformin (A10BA02) was 10.5, glimiperide (A10BB12) was 9.3, glibenclamide (A10BB01) was 7.91, pioglitazone (A10BG03) was 7.25. Out of 716 patients 311(45.25%) patients were on Monotherapy, and 405 (56.5%) were on Combination therapy.A total of 200 newly diagnosed patients of diabetes mellitus were enrolled in the study out of which only 128 members were followed up successfully. The combinations of Metformin +Sulfonyl Ureas + Others showed a good control of fasting blood sugar when compared with only Metformin, only Sulfonyl Ureas or Metformin +Sulfonyl Ureas, Sulfonyl Ureas + Others.
Conclusion: Metformin was the most utilized drug followed by glimiperide. Combination therapy was most frequent when compared to monotherapy in which metformin+glimiperide was commonly prescribed one. so by understanding  the current prescribing patterns attempts can be made to improve rational prescribing. The combination of Metformin+Sulfonyl Ureas+Others is more effective combination.

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ABOUT AUHTORS:
Suresh Rewar¹*, Bansal BK¹, Singh CJ², Sharma AK^2
1Department of pharmaceutics, Arya College of Pharmacy, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
²Department Of Pharmacology, Arya College of Pharmacy, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
sureshrewar1990@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Chronopharmaceutical drug delivery systems are gaining a lot of interest as they deliver the drug at the right site of action, right time and right amount, as per the pathophysiological needs of the diseases. These systems are basically time-controlled drug delivery systems in which the system controls the lag time independent of environmental factors like pH, enzymes, GIT motility, etc. These systems are designed for chronopharmacotherapy which is based on the circadian rhythm of the body. The effectiveness and toxicity of many drugs vary depending on dosing time associated with 24 hr. rhythms of biochemical, physiological and behavioral processes under the control of circadian clock. The chronobiology of the various common 24-hour BP profiles seen in hypertensive patients in relation to cardiovascular risk and end-organ injury and ultimately the control and normalization of abnormal BP throughout daytime activity and night time sleep. Chronopharmacotherapy provides a means of individualizing the treatment of hypertension according to the circadian BP profile of each patient, and constitutes a new option to optimize BP control and to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Various latest and upcoming marketed technologies of Chronopharmaceutical drug delivery used in treatment of hypertension diseases like OROS^®, CODAS^®, CEFORM^®, DIFFUCAPS^®, PULSINCAP^® etc.

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Priyanka T*, Giri raja sekhar D, Lekhanth A, Revanth.A
Department of Pharmacy Practice,
Annamacharya College of Pharmacy
Rajampet, Andhra Pradesh, India
*priyankat283@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Hair loss in women is twice more distressing in women when compared to men. The most common cause of hair loss in women is Female Androgenic Alopecia (FAGA) which shows Ludwig, Christmas tree, Hamilton pattern. Androgenic alopecia is due to the increased activity of 5α-reductase in the hair follicles which results in the gradual transformation of large, terminal follicles to small, miniaturized follicles. Finasteride is a 5α-reductase II enzyme which inhibits the conversion of testosterone to dihydro testosterone and is effectively used in the management of the male pattern androgenic alopecia with a dose of 1mg/day but this article mainly reviews the use of Finasteride in the female androgenic alopecia. Studies so far reported increased scalp hair counts, hair density, hair regrowth both by the patient assessment and photographs by the blinded expert panel. Relevant literatures were chosen to determine the efficacy of Finasteride in the treatment of female Androgenic Alopecia.

ABOUT AUTHOR:
BINDU.S
ANNAMACHRYA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY,
RAJAMPET,KADAPA Dist, A.P, INDIA.
sirasalabindupharmacy@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION
Rock salt, also known as halite is the naturally occurring crystalline salt. It is the mineral form of sodium chloride or the table salt that we use. However, rock salt does not look like the regular table salt. Instead, it naturally forms in large isometric crystals. Moreover, rock salt can be white like table salt or it can be red, orange, yellow or blue in color. The color of rock salt basically depends on the amount, and the kind of impurities present in it. Along with sodium, rock salt contains many other minerals including, calcium, zinc, iron, magnesium, potassium, copper and several other trace minerals. Like table salt, rock salt too has great many uses. rock salt in massive bags for the purpose of keeping down ice on the roads in the winter.