Review Articles

About Authors:
Sunil Roshan¹, Prabhakar Sharma*¹, Ramchandra Gupta¹, Sudhakar Sharma^2
1Department of Pharmacognosy, GRKIST (Pharmacy)
²Takshashila Institute Of Science And Technology
Jabalpur, M.P.
*prabhakar.sharma071026@gmail.com

Abstract
The traditional systems of medicine together with homoeopathy and folklore medicine continue to play a significant role largely in the health care system of the population. Butea monosperma(palas) belonging to the family leguminosae grown wildly in many parts of India. The plant is highly uses by the rural and tribal people in curing various disorders. Flowers are used as drug in many ailments like eye disease, chronic fever, enlargement of spleen, leucorrhoea, epilepsy, leprosy, antifungal activity, anti-inflammatory activity, liver disorders antifertility activity and gout etc. The plant parts are used in the form of extract, juice, infusion, powder and gum. The present paper enumerates various pharmacognostic and pharmacological aspects of the plant. This review also summaries the therapeutic potential of this plant.This is a moderate sized deciduous tree which is widely distributed throughout India, Burma and Ceylon, popularly known as 'dhak' or 'palas', commonly known as ‘flame of forest’. In this review an attempt has been done to highlight the work on Butea monosperma having pharmacological potential.

ABOUT AUTHORS:
Rahul Tiwari*¹, R.C. Jat¹, Narendra Sharma¹, Arvind Singh Rathore^1
1Shri Ram College Of Pharmacy,
¹Banmore, Morena, India -476444
*rt30022@gmail.com, arvindsingh.rathore21@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Disintegrants are substances or mixture of substances added to the drug formulation that facilitates the breakup or disintegration of tablet or capsule content into smaller particles that dissolve more rapidly than in the absence of disintegrants. In dosage forms, solid orals gain maximum popularities, about 85%, because of many advantages over others. The therapeutic activity of these formulations is obtained through a typical manner like disintegration followed by dissolution. Hence disintegration has major role for facilitating drug activity and thus gain popularity among other dosage forms. Superdisintegrants are generally used at a low level in the solid dosage form, typically 1-  10 % by weight relative to the total weight of the dosage unit. The present study comprises the various kinds of superdisintegrants which are being used in the formulation to provide the safer, effective drug delivery with patient's compliance. In this review article, more emphasis is given on application and usage of various superdisintegrants comparing with other disintegrants in reference to available scientific studies. The various sources of superdisintegrants and their modification to improve disintegration property are also high-lighted.

ABOUT AUTHORS:
Ketan M. Parmar*, Ritesh N. Sharma
S.K.Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education & research,
Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, GANPAT UNIVERSITY.
*brave_student_90@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
With the development of technologies to look at the expression levels of hundreds of miRNAs at a time and the clear role of miRNAs in cancers, groups began looking at miRNAs profiles of different cancers,especially the circulating miRNAs. We intended to make sure whether circulating miRNAs could be a promising biomarker of human cancers. Method: We comprehensively searched the Cochrane Library, Medline and EMbase from 1966 to Nov 2009 for the following terms: (“miRNA” or “microRNA”) and (“tumor” or “carcinoma”) and (“plasma” or “serum” or “circulating”). Detailed information was extracted from studies that met the inclusion criteria: blood-based miRNAs in human cancers and studies published in the English literature. Results: The current review show that different researches use different measurement methods which might impact the results;Cancers treatment might have an effect on circulating miRNAs; some miRNAs are multi-faceted RNA; small sample size might produce selection bias. Furthermore, because of the lack of randomized controlled trials and the heterogeneous nature of the available data, no attempt was made to perform quantitativemeta-analyses.
In this review, based on those researches, circulating miRNAs are promising and difficulties for their future application for diagnosing human cancers.

ABOUT AUTHOR
Rudra Sharan Dwivedi ^*
Bhopal University,
Working in RMS Regrow, Pune
^* rudsd1987@gmail.com

About Author:
Dhananjay S Jadhav*
M.Tech (Pharmaceutical Technology), Division of Pharmaceutical Technology,
Institute of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon -425001.
Maharashtra, India
* dhananjaysjadhav@hotmail.com

Abstract
Recently, surfactants have become one of the most important chemical products. They have become a subject of research, and their production and their use are on the increase. This wide range of properties, uses for surfactants in pharmaceutical products and systems is to try and introduce and explain in the subject of this article. Wetting of Solids, Solubilization, Emulsification, Dispersion of solid in solution, Micellization & Detergency all these are properties of surfactant. Surfactants are classified according to their polar head group, the charged head referred as Ionic surfactants and uncharged surfactants are generally referred to as nonionic surfactant. Because of their unique functional properties, surfactants find a wide range of uses in pharmaceutical preparations. These include, depending on the type of product, improving the solubility or stability of a drug in a liquid preparation, stabilizing and modifying the texture of a semisolid preparation, or altering the flow properties of a granulate, thus aiding in the processing of the final tablet dosage form. In addition to their use as excipients to improve the physical and chemical characteristics of the formulation, surfactants may be included to improve the efficacy or bioperformance of the product. The properties of surfactants are such that they can alter the thermodynamic activity, solubility, diffusion, disintegration, and dissolution rate of a drug. Each of these parameters influences the rate and extent of drug absorption. Furthermore, surfactants can exert direct effects on biological membranes thus altering drug transport across the membrane. The overall effect of inclusion of a surfactant in a pharmaceutical formulation is complex and may be beyond those initially intended. Surfactants may reduce the effectiveness of antimicrobials or preservatives included in a formulation.