Articles

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Bhumika Kumar*
Department of pharmaceutics,
Delhi pharmaceutical sciences and research university,
New Delhi, India

ABSTRACT
Solid dispersion is an effective way of improving the dissolution rate of poorly water soluble drugs and hence its bioavailability.  The water soluble carriers used in preparation of solid dispersion enhance the dissolution rate of the poorly water soluble drug. The review article focuses on the methods of preparation, advantages, disadvantages and characterization of the solid dispersions.

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ABOUT AUHTORS
Jaha Sultana Mohammed
Pelcat Formulation PVT
sohnivya786@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The purpose of cleaning validation is to establish the documented evidence with high degree of assurance that the cleaning process followed as per standard operating procedure for cleaning the equipment used for the processing, consistently and concurrently yields the results not exceeding predetermined acceptance limit. The main objective of this particular study is to develop some understanding for the process of validation and its type along with importance of cleaning validation in pharmaceutical industry to prevent cross contamination. This topic includes Types of validation, cleaning validation, Levels of cleaning Validation, Cleaning mechanisms, cleaning agents used and process followed by pharmaceutical industry to achieve cleaning validation. The various methods used for cleaning validation are clearly discussed in this review.

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  ABOUT AUHTORS
AKASH S MALI^1,2*,AUDRIUS MARUŠKA^2
1University of Würzburg Germany.
²Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania
*Akashmit97@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Pharmaceutical gases molecules (Therapeutic medical Gases) are plays vital role in various disease conditions. In particular, Carbon monoxide, Oxygen, Nitric oxide, Hydrogen sulfide are generated in the human body and mediate signaling pathways as biological messengers and shown pharmacological effects on cardiovascular disorders, nervous system, respiratory track and gastrointestinal disorder. Appropriate oral delivery of gases is challenging concept in front of novel drug delivery system, recently microbubbles, nanobubbles, liposomes, ultrasound technology provides new oral and parenteral delivery platform for therapeutic gases. This review provides pharmacological effects of therapeutic medical gases and its novel delivery aspects.

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Nisha Sharma, Mahroz, Deepak Chowrasia*
University Institute of Pharmacy,
Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, U.P.,  India
chowrasia.deepak@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Chemically chalcones are 1,3–diphenyl-2-propene-1-one, containing dual aromatic rings which are linked to each other via carbon bridge system enveloping keto-ethylenic core structure. Owing to the presence of conjugated double bond and electron dense aromatic ring system, the molecule posses less redox potential; thus greater probability for characteristic electron transfer reactions. Naturally, conjugated systems of these types are abundantly present in edible plants and are considered to be precursors of bioactive flavonoids and bioflavonoids. Chalcones and their derivatives find numerous industrial applications such as artificial sweeteners, scintillator, polymerization catalyst, fluorescent whitening agent, organic brightening agent, stabilizer against heat, visible light, and ultraviolet radiation.  As a chemo-identifying agent, chalcones have been found useful in elucidating structure of natural products like hemlock, tannin, cyanomaclurin, ploretin, eriodictyol and homoeriodictyol, and naringenin. Pharmacologically, the same molecule acts as a versatile and universally accepted moiety for design and development of numerous bioactive synthetic analogues in search of ideal medicine to conquer human pathological conditions.  The present paper thus designs to explore and study various prospective of chalcones and their derivatives in terms of recent developments and pharmacological importance.

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MNL Aishwarya, E. Anka Rao, M. Niranjan Babu
Department of Pharmaceutics
Seven Hills College of Pharmacy, Tirupati, AP, India
meenumakkhan@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat gastric problems mainly peptic ulcers. Peptic ulcers are present in around 4% of the population. They newly began in around 53 million people in 2013. About 10% of people develop a peptic ulcer at some point in their life.They resulted in 301,000 deaths in 2013 down from 327,000 deaths in 1990. The first description of a perforated peptic ulcer was in 1670 in Princess Henrietta of England. H. pylori was first identified as causing peptic ulcers by Barry Marshall and Robin Warren in the late 20th century, a discovery for which they received the Nobel Prize in 2005. Esomeprazole comes under non-surgical treatment for peptic ulcers. Though it is an effective drug used for the treatment of peptic ulcers it includes some side effects such as headache, nausea, diarrhea, decreased appetite…etc., optical isomer of omeprazole is called as s-isomer of omeprazole or esomeprazole which is an improved form of omeprazole. Esomeprazole in combination with cardiovascular drugs produces potential interactions and positive effects. This review article provides an evaluation of the literature on the concomitant use of esomeprazole available. The efficacy, safety, tolerability, cost effectiveness, and patient quality of life of this regimen is discussed. A summary of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of esomeprazole, Mechanism of action of omeprazole, as well as its effects during pregnancy are also reviewed.

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Subashini Rajaram, Abirami Murugan, Nidhina Raj C.M
Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India.
Life Pharmacy, Al Barsha, Dubai-UAE
subababu.r@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Degradation of rifampicin (RIF) to insoluble and poorly absorbed 3-Formyl rifamycin SV (3-FRSV) in acidic environment is a major concern which leads to reduction in the bioavailability of RIF and is further influenced by the presence of isoniazid (INH) in the stomach after ingestion. It is recommended that addition of ascorbic acid (ASC) in dissolution medium, in plasma as antioxidant to stabilize RIF from degradation and also daily intake of ASC to control tuberculosis (TB).Though the effect of ASC on fixed dose combination (FDC) products has not been traversed and hence examined in the present study.  The rate of degradation of RIF to 3-FRSV in the presence of ASC in dissolution medium (0.1 N HCl) on market formulations was estimated by Dual Wavelength UV–Vis. spectrophotometry (DW spectrophotometry) and High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Addition of ASC in FDC formulations lowered significantly formation of 3-FRSV or degradation of RIF as compared to that without ASC in in-vitro. Our study proposed that co-package of ASC with fixed dose combination products (FDC) can protect RIF degradation in the acidic environment and in-vivo investigation needed to predict the bioavailability of RIF in FDC products in the presence and absence of ASC for effective control of TB.

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Deepa Vishwakarma, Deepa Dhiman, Amit kumar Pal, Aman Mittal, Sunit Saini
Department of Pharmacy,
Smt. Tarawati Institute of Biomedical Allied Sciences,
Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
vishwakarmadeepa152@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The objective of our investigation was to design a thermodynamically stable and dilutable nanoemulsion formulation of Ibuprofen, with minimum surfactant concentration that could improve its solubility, formulation were taken from thermodynamic stability and dispersibility test. The oil, surfactant, co-surfactant and aqueous phase, respectively, containing 100mg of ibuprofen showed a significant improvement in drug release. In vitro drug release of the nanoemulsion formulation was highly significant as compared to marketed tablet formulation. The present study revealed that tinidazole nanoemulsion could be used as a liquid formulation for increase bioavailability. The formulated system can also be treated as self nano emulsifying drug delivery system.

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ABOUT AUTHOR
Komal Saini*
Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh
komalsainiks@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Hydrogels comprises of different classes class of materials that could absorb considerable amount of water while maintaining their integrity in water having three dimensional, hydrophilic, polymeric networks. In the last few years, radical methods of preparation of hydrophilic polymers and hydrogels have evolved that may be used in the future in drug delivery applications. For successful and desirable applications, synthesis of new polymers and cross-linkers having more biocompatibility and better biodegradability would be beneficial. This review provides an overview of the different classes of hydrogels, their characterization, method of preparation, their advantages and disadvantages and cross-linking.

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Kambham Venkateswarlu*, Jami Komala Preethi
1Department of Pharmaceutics, JNTUA-Oil Technological and Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India.
k.v.reddy9441701016@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The present investigation was focussed on formulation and in vitro evaluation of mouth dissolving tablets (MDTs) of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride (PGTZN) thereby enhancing the dissolution rate. MDTs were prepared by wet granulation and direct compression methods using Croscarmellose sodium, Crospovidone and Sodium starch glycolate as superdisintegrants. Powder blends were evaluated for flowability and all the powder blends showed acceptable flowability. The prepared tablets were evaluated for post compression parameters like hardness, friability, wetting time and showed acceptable results. Formulations F8 and F15 showed disintegration time of 23 and 22 sec respectively. Dissolution was performed in pH 1.2 HCl buffer and formulations F15 showed maximum drug release within 30 min. drug release from F15 was more than that of the marketed drug. Hence, it could be concluded that formulation F15 showed good drug release than marketed drug and there is a lot of scope for future in vivo studies.