Chemistry Articles

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About Authors:
Dr.Rakesh K. Sharma
M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Applied Chemistry Department,
Faculty of Technology & Engineering,
The M. S. University of Baroda,
Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
rksharmamsu@gmail.com

Abstract
Surfactant, as an abbreviation of “surface active agent”, is an organic compound that is amphiphilic comprising both hydrophilic groups(commonly referred to as “polar heads”) and hydrophobic groups(“nonpolar tails”). Based on the electron charges of the polar head parts, surfactants are classified as anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic. Many other pecular class of compounds also categorized in the types of gemini, cyclodextrin based, polymeric surfactants etc. Due to their some interesting properties such as nontoxicity, higher rate of biodegradability, high foaming capacity and optimal activity at extreme conditions like temperatures, pH and salinity, surfactants have been increasingly attracting the attention of the scientific and industrial community. Biocompatible, biodegradable, and/or nontoxic emulsion-based formulations of surfactants have great potential for applications in the food preparation and processing. Basics of surfactants and mainly there way of utility as food emulsifiers in food industries is thoroughly discussed.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Vishwanadham Yerragunta*^{1, 2}, Pratima patil², S. Srujana², Roopa Devi², R.Gayathri¹, Srujana¹, Aary Divya^2
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sitha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh.
²Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Narsapur, Medak, Andhra Pradesh.
vishwanadham.y@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Benzimidazole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. This bicyclic compound consists of the fusion of benzene and imidazole. Heterocyclic compounds are occupied prominent place among various class of aromatic organic compounds. Benzimidazole are having a variety of therapeutic uses including antitumor, antifungal, antiparasitic, analgesics, antiviral, antihistamine, as well as use in cardiovascular disease, neurology, endocrinology, and ophthalmology.

About Authors:
Vishwanadham Yerragunta*, T.Kumara swamy, D.Suman, V.Anusha, Prathima Patil, T. Samhitha
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research,
Narsapur, Medak – 502313, A.P.
Vishwanadham.y@gmail.com
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Abstract:
Chalcones are precursor compounds for flavonoids biosynthesis in plants, and they can also be synthesized in laboratory. Chalcones possess a broad spectrum of biological activities including antioxidative, antibacterial, antihelmintic, amoebicidal, antiulcer, antiviral, insecticidal, antiprotozoal, anticancer, cytotoxic and immunosuppressive. Changes in their structure have offered a high degree of diversity that has proven useful for the development of new medicinal agents having improved potency and lesser toxicity and good pharmacological actions. Chalcones became an object of continued interest in both academia and industry. Nowadays, several chalcones are used for treatment of viral disorders, cardiovascular diseases, parasitic infections, pain, gastritis, and stomach cancer, as well as like food additives and cosmetic formulation ingredients. However, much of the pharmacological potential of chalcones is still not utilized. The purpose of this review is to describe the recent efforts of scientists in pharmacological screening of synthetic chalcones, studying importance of chalcones, and synthesis of pharmacologically active chalcones and their biological activities.

ABOUT AUTHOR:
Muhammed Mujahed
Master’s of Science in Biotechnology.
SRTM University.
mujubiotech2011@rediffmail.com

INTRODUCTION:
Drug design is an integrated developing discipline which portends an era of ‘tailored drug’. It involves the study of effects of biologically active compounds on the basis of molecular interactions in terms of molecular structure or its physico-chemical properties involved. It studies the processes by which the drug produce their effects, how they react with the protoplasm to elicit a particular pharmacological effect or response how they are modified or detoxified, metabolized or eliminated by the organism.

Disposition of drugs in individual region of biosystems is one of the main factors determining the place , mode and intensity of their action . The biological activity may be “positive” as in drug design or “negative” as in toxicology. Thus drug design involves either total innovation of lead  or an optimization of already available lead. These concepts are the building stones up on which the edifice of drug design is built up.

The drug is most commonly an organicsmall  molecule that activates or inhibits the function of a biomolecule such as a protein, which in turn results in a therapeutic benefit to the patient. In the most basic sense, drug design involves the design of small molecules that are complementary in shape and charge to the biomolecular target with which they interact and therefore will bind to it. Drug design frequently but not necessarily relies on computer modeling techniques. This type of modeling is often referred to as computer-aided drug design. Finally, drug design that relies on the knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the biomolecular target is known as structure-based drug design.