September 2012

National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), formerly known as Institute for Research in Reproduction is a premier research institute of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). It is situated in the vicinity of a number of hospitals and research institutes in central Mumbai.

About Authors:
Gunjan Kalyani^*1, Vishal S. Deshmukh¹, Pranita Kashyap¹, Yogesh Vaishnav¹, Ram D. Bawankar
¹Shri Rawatpura Sarkar Institute of Pharmacy,
Kumhari, Durg, Chhattisgarh
*kalyani.gunjan@yahoo.in

Abstract
Irbesartan is chemically 2-butyl-3-({4-[2-(2H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl) phenyl] phenyl} methyl) -1,3-diazaspiro [4.4] non-1-en-4-one. Irbesartan is an Angiotensin II receptor antagonist effective in the treatment of   Hypertension.  It is also effective in the treatment of High blood pressure.  It is also effective when used alone or in combination with other drugs. Objective of the present study is to develop a simple, sensitive, accurate, precise and rapid first order derivative spectrophotometric method for the estimation of irbesartan in pure form. For the estimation of irbesartan, solvent system employed was 50% v/v aqueous ethanol and wavelength of detection (λ_det) was 237 nm. The linearity was obtained in the range 8 – 18 µg/ml, with a regression coefficient, R² = 1. The LOD & LOQ were found to be 0.5 µg/ml and 1.63 µg/ml respectively. Obtained results showed that there is minimum intra day and inter day variation. The developed method was validated and recovery studies were also carried out. Sample recovery using the above method was in good agreement with their respective labeled claims, thus suggesting the validity of the method and non-interference of formulation excipients in the estimation. First order derivative spectroscopy method is simple, rapid and reproducible and further it can be used for the analysis.

About Authors:
Sweet Naskar*, Sanjit Kr. Roy, Ketousetuo Kuotsu
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology,
Jadavpur University,
Kolkata – 700032,
West Bengal, India.
*sn62525@gmail.com

Abstract
The aim of the present investigation is to know about AIDS and its treatments. Various treatments for AIDS are described here.AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV is transmitted through direct contact of a mucous membrane or the bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, preseminal fluid, and breast milk. This transmission can involve anal, vaginal or oral sex, blood transfusion, contaminated hypodermic needles, exchange between mother and baby during pregnancy, childbirth, breast feeding etc. As of 2009, AVERT estimated that there are 33.3 million people worldwide living with HIV/AIDS, with 2.6 million new HIV infections per year and 1.8 million annual deaths due to AIDS. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) continues to have a favourable impact on disease progression and mortality in settings where it is available to people living with HIV.

About Authors:
Rakesh Tiwle
Shri Laxman Rao Mankar Pharmacy College Amagoan,
Gondia Maharashtra.
rakesh_tiwle@rediffmail.com

Abstract
Nanotoxicology is a branch of Bio-Nano-science which deals with the study and application of toxicity of nanomaterials.  Nanotoxicology is the study of the toxicity of nanomaterial because of quantam  size effects and large surface area to volume ratio, nanomaterials have unique properties  compared with their larger counter parts.  Increases in nanotechnological applications for industrial, consumer and medical uses promise many benefits, yet at the same time they have generated serious concerns about potential health and environmental risks from exposure to  engineered nanoscale materials. Such concerns stimulated research in the emerging field of nanotoxicology, resulting in a steadily increasing number of publications suggesting that engineered nanomaterials because of their specific physicochemical properties can induce significant toxic responses. Although most of the nanotoxicological studies were performed using unrealistic exposure conditions, they have led to a widespread perception that generically all nanomaterials pose a significant health risk. Such perception is in great part based on exaggerated reporting in the popular press, resulting in a  Nanotoxicity-Hype Correlation. Knowledge about potential human and environmental exposure combined with dose response toxicity information will be necessary to determine real or perceived risks of nanomaterials following inhalation, oral or dermal routes of exposure.

Agharkar Research Institute (ARI) is an autonomous, grant-in-aid research institute of the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Goverment of India. It was established in 1946 by the Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science as MACS Research Institute and renamed as ARI in 1992 in honour and memory of its founder Director, late Professor S.P.