Vinay Kumar Singh.
Head-Formulation
Kumar Organic Products Research Centre Pvt. Ltd.,
Bengaluru
Email : formulation_krc@kopresearchcentre.net
All cells, prokaryotes and eu-karyotes, release extracellular vesicles as part of their normal physiology and during acquired abnormalities. Extracellular vesicles can be broadly divided into two categories, ectosomes and exosomes. Ectosomes are vesicles that pinch off the surface of the plasma membrane via outward budding, and include microvesicles, microparticles, and large vesicles in the size range of ~50 nm to 1 μm in diameter. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a size range of ~40 to 160 nm (average ~100 nm) in diameter with an endosomal origin. Sequential invagination of the plasma membrane ultimately results in the formation of multivesicular bodies, which can intersect with other intracellular vesicles and organelles, contributing to diversity in the constituents of exosomes. Depending on the cell of origin, extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, can contain many constituents of a cell, including DNA, RNA, lipids, metabolites, and cytosolic and cell-surface proteins.
Exosomes likely remove excess and/or unnecessary constituents from cells to maintain cellular homeostasis. Recent studies reviewed here also indicate a functional, targeted, mechanism-driven accumulation of specific cellular components in exosomes, suggesting that they have a role in regulating intercellular communication.
Exosomes are tiny sacs that carry proteins, DNA, and RNA from one cell to another. They are released into the blood by many types of cells, including cancer cells. They can participate in cell-to-cell communication.
Exosomes are present in many different types of biological fluids, such as blood, breast milk, urine, sperm, amniotic fluid, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid.
Exosomes have been described as messengers of both health and disease. While they are essential for normal physiological conditions, they also act to potentiate cellular stress and damage under disease states.
Exosomes are of general interest for their role in cell biology, and for their potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications. It was originally thought that exosomes were simply cellular waste products, however their function is now known to extend beyond waste removal. Exosomes represent a novel mode of cell communication and contribute to a spectrum of biological processes in health and disease.
Plant based Exosomes: Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs) are nano-sized particles that are derived from plants. They are a natural alternative to animal-derived exosomes. PELNs are made of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecule compounds.They are similar in structure and function to mammalian-derived exosomes.They have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor properties.They have been used to deliver drugs to treat cancer, inflammation, and COVID-19.PELNs can be extracted from fruits, roots, stems, and leaves
Exosomes in Cosmetics & Personal care Products: Exosomes are used in cosmetics to improve skin health, reduce wrinkles, and promote tissue regeneration. They are also used to treat hair loss.
Benefits of exosomes in cosmetics
• Anti-aging: Exosomes can reduce wrinkles, improve skin texture and hydration, and enhance skin elasticity.
• Wound healing: Exosomes can promote tissue regeneration in skin wounds.
• Hair loss: Exosomes can be used to treat hair loss on the scalp.
• Dermatological diseases: Exosomes can treat dermatological diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo.
Exosomes have recently been gaining attention in the cosmetic world. Used in topical creams, serums, and masks, exosomes have been found to have a number of therapeutic and anti-aging benefits. Exosomes have been found to be beneficial for skin care, as they are filled with proteins, lipids, and other molecules that can help to promote healing, hydration, and the protection of the skin. These molecules can help to boost collagen production, reduce inflammation, and protect the skin from environmental stressors. Additionally, exosomes can help to increase the efficacy of other active ingredients, such as hyaluronic acid, peptides, and antioxidants.
Additionally, exosomes can help to repair skin damage such as sun damage and acne scars. Exosomal proteins and lipids can help to plump and hydrate the skin, which can help to improve skin texture. Ingredients of exosomes such as cytokines, nucleic acids, proteins, and other bioactive compounds can also help to protect the skin from environmental stressors and reduce the appearance of dark spots and other discoloration. With their ability to help improve skin tone, texture, and appearance, exosomes provide several promising therapeutic and anti-aging benefits.
Exosomes are not FDA approved for cosmetic use. However, research into the use of exosomes is at the forefront of cosmetic.
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