1. Dye test used for identification of emulation type uses ________ dye?
A. Methylene Blue
B. Crystal Violet
C. Brilliant Green
D. Scarlet Red
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
2. Which among the following is a typical antifungal preservative?
A. Potassium sorbate
B. Chlorhexidine
C. Cresol
D. Thiomersal
E. None of the above
Correct Answer A
3. Ratio of Absolute error to Accepted measurement gives _____
A. Actual error
B. Percent error
C. Relative error
D. Dynamic error
E. None of the above
Correct Answer C
4. In Thermogravimetry, under which among the following conditions of heating do you associate decomposition process?
A. Dynamic
B. First order
C. Second order
D. Third order
E. None of the above
Correct Answer A
5. First Edition of Indian Pharmacopoeia was published in__
A. 1947
B. 1950
C. 1955
D. 1966
E. None of the above
Correct Answer C
6. Which among the following is a function of Atomiser in Emission system of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy?
A. To split beam into two
B. To break the steady light into pulsating light
C. To break large mass of liquid into small drops
D. To reduce the sample into atomic state.
E. None of the above
Correct Answer C
7. Solubility of gas in liquid increases with__
A. Decrease in pressure
B. Increase in pressure
C. Increase in temperature
D. Decrease in temperature
E. None of the above
Correct Answer B
8. Which among the following capsules is fabricated to hold approx 0.93 ml of volume?
A. #000
B. #00
C. #0
D. #1
E. None of the above
Correct Answer B
9. Which among the following can act as chelating agent/s?
P) Monodentate
Q) Bidentate
R) Tetradentate
S) Hexadentate
A. Q,S
B. P,Q,R
C. Q,R,S
D. S only
E. None of the above
Correct Answer C
10. The term “Infricandus” used generally to indicate which among the following type of drug administration?
A. To be sprayed
B. To be swallowed
C. To be instilled
D. To be rubbed in
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
11. A rapid TGA method is used for which of the following process?
A. Decomposition of polymers exothermally
B. Decomposition of enzymes exothermally
C. Decomposition of crystals endothermally
D. Decomposition of reactions isothermally
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
12. Vaginal suppositories are also called as__
A. Inserts
B. Conical suppositories
C. Pessaries
D. Bongies
E. None of the above
Correct Answer C
13. Molality of 12.5% w/v sulphuric acid is
A. 4.35m
B. 2.90m
C. 1.45m
D. None of the above
Correct Answer C
14. Which of the following is not a colligative property?
A. Osmotic pressure
B. Elevation of Boiling poin
C. Surface tension
D. Depression in Freezing point
E. None of the above
Correct Answer C
15. Which of the following is not used to produce radio isotopes?
A. Cyclotrons
B. Radioisotope generations
C. Gamma cameras
D. Nuclear reactors
E. None of the above
Correct Answer C
16. Elixirs are __
A. Aqueous syrups
B. Alcoholic syrups
C. Hydroalcoholic liquids
D. Aqueous suspensions
E. None of the above
Correct Answer C
17. Which among the following is an anionic surfactant?
A. Trialkyl ammonium
B. Polyethylene glycol
C. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
D. Glycine
E None of the above
Correct Answer C
18. Therapeutic radioisotopes in general compared to diagnostic radioisotopes possess
A. Longer high-life and higher energy
B. Longer half-life and lower energy
C. Shorter half-life and lower energy
D. Shorter half-life and higher energy.
E. None of the above
Correct Answer A
19. Which indicator is used to detect calcium in presence of magnesium?
A. EDTA
B. Xylenol orange
C. Eriochrome Black T
D. Murexide
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
20. Replacement titration is used for -
A. Calcium ion
B. Magnesium ion
C. Zinc ion
D. Sodium ion
E. None of the above
Correct Answer A
21. Pastes generally contains
A. High percentage of soluble solids
B. High percentage of Insoluble solids
C. High percentage of organic liquids
D. High percentage of aqueous liquids
E. None of the above
Correct Answer B
22. Back titration of Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate is used in the following condition/s,except
M) insoluble complexes
N) titrations that require heating
O) analytes that form inert complexes
P) when no pM indicator is available
A. N and O
B. M and P
C. O only
D. N only
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
23. The pH of a 0.01M solution of Potassium Hydroxide is ______
A. 8.0
B. 10.0
C. 12.0
D. 14.0
E. None of the above
Correct Answer C
24. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a technique used to measure
A. Absorbance
B. Electrical conductivity
C. Specific heat
D. Thermal expansions
E. None of the above
Correct Answer C
25. The half life of a radio isotope is__
A. half the time taken for complete decay.
B. half the time taken for half the decay
C. time taken for half the decay
D. time taken for complete decay
E. None of the above
Correct Answer C
26. What is the mole fraction of ethylene glycol in a solution containing 20 gm by mass?
A. 0.090
B. 0.068
C. 0.058
D. 0.040
E. None of the above
Correct Answer B
27. Which among the following is used as a radiation source in Atomic absorption spectroscopy?
A. Tungsten lamp
B. Hollow cathode lamp
C. Hydrogen or Deuterium Discharge lamp
D. Xenon mercury arc lamp
E. None of the above
Correct Answer B
28.Thermal Analysis is defined as__
A. Measurement of line positions of crystals as a function of temperature.
B. Measurement of physical properties as a function of temperature.
C. Measurement of solubility of materials as a function of temperature.
D. Measurement of concentration of materials as a function of temperature.
E. None of the above
Correct Answer B
29. The colour indicator Methyl violet changes colour at pH range of 0.1 to 1.6. This indicator is suitable for _______ titration.
A. None of the acid-base titrations
B. HCl with NaOH
C. H S0 with KOH
D. Acetic acid with Sodium Carbonate
E. None of the above
Correct Answer A
Read the Passage Below and answer the questions Since the end of the last World War, the Emperor has several times rejected the suggestion that a new palace should be built for him or that his existing quarters should be suitable reconstructed. The Emperor refused to live in a luxurious palace, because millions of his people were rendered homeless during the war, their standard of living had fallen and they were subject to various kinds of hardship. The Emperor and the Empress have, therefore, continued to live in the bomb-shelter. This is hardly the place the Emperor would have chosen to live in, as the floor of the bomb-shelter is wet for most of the time. In the last few years, the economic condition of Japan has improved. The Emperor has, therefore, accepted the advice of his ministers that a palace should be built for him.
30. The residence of the Emperor is peethily described in the passage as
A. a luxurious palace
B. hardly the place Emperor would have chosen to live in
C. wet for most of the time
D. a bomb-shelter
E. None of the above
Correct Answer B
Read the Passage Below and answer the questions
Since the end of the last World War, the Emperor has several times rejected the suggestion that a new palace should be built for him or that his existing quarters should be suitable reconstructed. The Emperor refused to live in a luxurious palace, because millions of his people were rendered homeless during the war, their standard of living had fallen and they were subject to various kinds of hardship. The Emperor and the Empress have, therefore, continued to live in the bomb-shelter. This is hardly the place the Emperor would have chosen to live in, as the floor of the bomb-shelter is wet for most of the time. In the last few years, the economic condition of Japan has improved. The Emperor has, therefore, accepted the advice of his ministers that a palace should be built for him.
31. Find a word or phrase from the passage which means “dismiss as unacceptable, inadequate or faulty”
A. refused
B. rejected
C. accepted the advice
D. chosen to live
E. None of the above
Correct Answer B
Read the Passage Below and answer the questions
Since the end of the last World War, the Emperor has several times rejected the suggestion that a new palace should be built for him or that his existing quarters should be suitable reconstructed. The Emperor refused to live in a luxurious palace, because millions of his people were rendered homeless during the war, their standard of living had fallen and they were subject to various kinds of hardship. The Emperor and the Empress have, therefore, continued to live in the bomb-shelter. This is hardly the place the Emperor would have chosen to live in, as the floor of the bomb-shelter is wet for most of the time. In the last few years, the economic condition of Japan has improved. The Emperor has, therefore, accepted the advice of his ministers that a palace should be built for him.
32. Select the option that is closest in meaning to the statement : “The Emperor refused to live in a luxurious palace”
A. The Emperor denied living in a luxurious palace”
B. The Emperor rejected staying in a luxurious palace”
C. The Emperor deprived himself from living in a luxurious palace”
D. The Emperor indicated that he was not willing to live in a luxurious palace”
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
Read the Passage Below and answer the questions
Since the end of the last World War, the Emperor has several times rejected the suggestion that a new palace should be built for him or that his existing quarters should be suitable reconstructed. The Emperor refused to live in a luxurious palace, because millions of his people were rendered homeless during the war, their standard of living had fallen and they were subject to various kinds of hardship. The Emperor and the Empress have, therefore, continued to live in the bomb-shelter. This is hardly the place the Emperor would have chosen to live in, as the floor of the bomb-shelter is wet for most of the time. In the last few years, the economic condition of Japan has improved. The Emperor has, therefore, accepted the advice of his ministers that a palace should be built for him.
33. The bomb-shelter can be aptly described as the
A. palace of the Emperor at present
B. current residence of the Emperor
C. present royal palace
D. current location of the Emperor
E. None of the above
Correct Answer B
Read the Passage Below and answer the questions
The present era has seen a very considerable acceleration in the speed of technological development and the problem of the growth of the gross materialistic outlook is inevitably more acute. The danger obviously that spiritual values will be submerged by a wave of material prosperity such as the world has never seen before, which may upset the traditional equilibrium of the Western society. These values are essentially … charity, tolerance, pity; faith in the inherent worth of man and respect for the sacredness of individual personality. Beneficence may exist between individuals; but not between impersonal states; within national frontiers tolerance will be found, but not between nations; the bloodshed of two major wars of aggression have blunted the instinct of pity; sacredness of individual personality may be sacrificed in the interest of the nation-state.
34. From the options provided below, select the one which is not the focal concern in the above passage
A. submergence of spiritual values
B. growth of gross materialistic outlook
C. acceleration in the speed of technological development
D. traditional equilibrium of Western society may be upset
E. None of the above
Correct Answer C
Comprehension Read the Passage Below and answer the questions
The present era has seen a very considerable acceleration in the speed of technological development and the problem of the growth of the gross materialistic outlook is inevitably more acute. The danger obviously that spiritual values will be submerged by a wave of material prosperity such as the world has never seen before, which may upset the traditional equilibrium of the Western society. These values are essentially … charity, tolerance, pity; faith in the inherent worth of man and respect for the sacredness of individual personality. Beneficence may exist between individuals; but not between impersonal states; within national frontiers tolerance will be found, but not between nations; the bloodshed of two major wars of aggression have blunted the instinct of pity; sacredness of individual personality may be sacrificed in the interest of the nation-state.
35. Identify the options which is farthest in meaning to the term “acceleration” in the sense used in the passage above
A. hastening
B. expedition
C. stimulation
D. dispatch
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
Read the Passage Below and answer the questions
The present era has seen a very considerable acceleration in the speed of technological development and the problem of the growth of the gross materialistic outlook is inevitably more acute. The danger obviously that spiritual values will be submerged by a wave of material prosperity such as the world has never seen before, which may upset the traditional equilibrium of the Western society. These values are essentially … charity, tolerance, pity; faith in the inherent worth of man and respect for the sacredness of individual personality. Beneficence may exist between individuals; but not between impersonal states; within national frontiers tolerance will be found, but not between nations; the bloodshed of two major wars of aggression have blunted the instinct of pity; sacredness of individual personality may be sacrificed in the interest of the nation-state.
36. According to the passage, the danger to the Western society lies in the likelihood that
A. material prosperity will grow side by side with technological progress
B. an unprecedented material prosperity may submerge spiritual values
C. material prosperity will overwhelm the Western society
D. gross material outlook is growing acutely in the West
E. None of the above
Correct Answer B
Read the Passage Below and answer the questions
The present era has seen a very considerable acceleration in the speed of technological development and the problem of the growth of the gross materialistic outlook is inevitably more acute. The danger obviously that spiritual values will be submerged by a wave of material prosperity such as the world has never seen before, which may upset the traditional equilibrium of the Western society. These values are essentially … charity, tolerance, pity; faith in the inherent worth of man and respect for the sacredness of individual personality. Beneficence may exist between individuals; but not between impersonal states; within national frontiers tolerance will be found, but not between nations; the bloodshed of two major wars of aggression have blunted the instinct of pity; sacredness of individual personality may be sacrificed in the interest of the nation-state.
37. Read the following statements and state whether they are true or false:-
(i) Some basic values of goodness may survive on personal level, others may exist within the national context, but not internationally
(ii) The post-war ruthlessness may cause the sanctity of the individual to be compromised in the interest of the nation-state.
A. (i) is true; but (ii) is false
B. both (i) and (ii) are true
C. (i) is false; but (ii) is true
D. both (i) and (ii) are false
E. None of the above
Correct Answer B
Comprehension Read the Passage Below and answer the questions
The present era has seen a very considerable acceleration in the speed of technological development and the problem of the growth of the gross materialistic outlook is inevitably more acute. The danger obviously that spiritual values will be submerged by a wave of material prosperity such as the world has never seen before, which may upset the traditional equilibrium of the Western society. These values are essentially … charity, tolerance, pity; faith in the inherent worth of man and respect for the sacredness of individual personality. Beneficence may exist between individuals; but not between impersonal states; within national frontiers tolerance will be found, but not between nations; the bloodshed of two major wars of aggression have blunted the instinct of pity; sacredness of individual personality may be sacrificed in the interest of the nation-state.
38. Identify from the options below, a word or phrase which is near synonymous to “certain to happen or unavoidable”
A. inevitably
B. obviously
C. considerable
D. inherent
E. None of the above
Correct Answer A
39. Who was named the Mumbai Indians' first head coach for the IPL 2023 season?
A. Mark Boucher
B. Virender Sehwag
C. Ajit Agarkar
D. Sunil Gavaskar
E. None of the above
Correct Answer A
40. India's first and one of the world's largest carbon fibre plants, Reliance Industries is being set up in which state?
A. Rajasthan
B. Gujarat
C. Maharashtra
D. Uttar Pradesh
E. None of the above
Correct Answer B
41. INS Vikrant, India's first home-built aircraft carrier, has formally commissioned at which place?
A. Naval Dockyard, Vishakapatnam
B. Goa Shipyard Limited
C. Bombay Dockyard
D. Cochin Shipyard Limited
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
42. World Bamboo Day is being observed on which date?
A. September 18
B. September 17
C. September 19
D. September 20
E. None of the above
Correct Answer A
43. World's largest museum of Harappan culture is going to be set up in which Indian state?
A. Gujarat
B. Rajasthan
C. Uttar Pradesh
D. Haryana
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
44. India's first Forest University to be established in which of the following states?
A. Gujarat
B. Rajasthan
C. Telangana
D. Uttar Pradesh
E. None of the above
Correct Answer C
45. World Ozone Day is being celebrated on which date?
A. September 13
B. September 17
C. September 16
D. September 11
E. None of the above
Correct Answer C
46. Who are the Star Indian Wrestlers chosen for the World Senior Championships in 2022?
A. Yogeshwar Dutt and VineshPhogat
B. Deepak Punia and Ravi Kumar Dahiya
C. Bajrang Punia and VineshPhogat
D. Ravi Kumar Dahiya and Sakshi Malik
E. None of the above
Correct Answer C
47. Which city has become the new capital of Kazakhstan?
A. Hungary
B. Kiev
C. Nur Sultan
D. Astana
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
48. India's first Lithium Cell Manufacturing plant is launched in which state?
A. Arunachal Pradesh
B. Madhya Pradesh
C. Jharkhand
D. Andhra Pradesh
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
49. Find the correct conclusion .
Statements: W < X, Y = Z , V < U, X > Z, G ≥ Y, W > U, H = V
Conclusions: (i) G > X (ii) W > H (iii) Y = H
A. Only conclusion (i) follows
B. Both conclusions (i) and (iii) follow
C. Only conclusion (ii) follows
D. Either conclusion (i) or (ii) follows
E. None of the above
Correct Answer C
50. What will be the difference between the third last digit and fourth digit from the left end of the number ‘947823165’ after arranging all its digits in ascending
order?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 3
D. 7
E. None of the above
Correct Answer C
51. Here are some words translated from an artificial language.
krekinblaf means workforce
dritakrekin means groundwork
krekinalti means workplace
Which word could mean "someplace"?
A. moropalti
B. krekindrita
C. altiblaf
D. dritaalti
E. None of the above
Correct Answer A
52. On 8th Dec, 2007 Saturday falls. What day of the week was it on 8th Dec, 2006?
A. Sunday
B. Thursday
C. Tuesday
D. Friday
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
53. Each question given below consists of a statement, followed by two arguments numbered I and II. You have to decide which of the arguments is a 'strong' argument and which is a
'weak' argument.
Give answer:
Statement: Should there be a ceiling on the salary of top executives of multinationals in our country?
Arguments:
I. Yes. Otherwise it would lead to unhealthy competition and our own industry would not be able to withstand that.
II. No. With the accent on liberalization of economy, any such move would be counter-productive. Once the economy picks up, this disparity will be reduced.
A. Only argument II is strong
B. Either I or II is strong
C. Neither I nor II is strong
D. Both I and II are strong
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
54. Here are some words translated from an artificial language.
plekapaki means fruitcake
pakishillen means cakewalk
treftalan means buttercup
Which word could mean "cupcake"?
A. shillenalan
B. treftpleka
C. pakitreft
D. alanpaki
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
55. A tank is filled in 5 hours by three pipes A, B and C. The pipe C is twice as fast as B and B is twice as fast as A. How much time will pipe A alone take to fill
the tank?
A. 20 hours
B. 25 hours
C. 35 hours
D. Cannot be determined
E. None of the above
Correct Answer C
56. Statements: Prime age school-going children in urban India have now become avid as well as more regular viewers of television, even in households without a
TV. As a result there has been an alarming decline in the extent of readership of newspapers.
Conclusions:
I. Method of increasing the readership of newspapers should be devised.
II. A team of experts should be sent to other countries to study the impact of TV. on the readership of newspapers.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
57. A sheet has been folded in the manner as shown in X, Y and Z respectively and punched. You have to choose from the alterantives how it will look when unfolded.
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
58. A father said to his son, "I was as old as you are at the present at the time of your birth". If the father's age is 38 years now, the son's age five years back was:
A. 14 years
B. 19 years
C. 33 years
D. 38 years
E. None of the above
Correct Answer A
59. Find out the number of all those people who can speak Tamil and Telugu?
A. 3
B. 59
C. 21
D. 112
E. None of the above
Correct Answer C
60. At 3:40, the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock form an angle of:
A. 120°
B. 125°
C. 130°
D. 135°
E. None of the above
Correct Answer C
61. What does the area marked 1 in the figure given below represent?
A. All honest European swimmers
B. All honest advocates who are swimmers
C. All no-European advocates who are honest swimmers
D. All non-Europeans who are honest swimmers
E. None of the above
Correct Answer C
62. Find out the wrong number in the given sequence of numbers.
125, 127, 130, 135, 142, 153, 165
A. 130
B. 142
C. 153
D. 165
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
63. The angle of elevation of a ladder leaning against a wall is 60° and the foot of the ladder is 4.6 m away from the wall. The length of the ladder is:
A. 2.3 m
B. 4.6 m
C. 7.8 m
D. 9.2 m
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
64. What should be on place of ?
MIKE : OGMC : : CIAD : ?
A. ENCF
B. EICB
C. AJCF
D. EGCB
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
65. Find correct mirror image
66. Directions: In these questions, relationship between different elements is shown in the statement. The statement is followed by two conclusions. Choose the correct answer on the basis of information given below.
Statements: B > A ≥ T > F = Y ≤ S < D
Conclusions: F <D , A > S
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Either conclusion I or conclusion II follows
C. Only conclusion II follows
D. Both conclusions follow
E. None of the above
Correct Answer A
67. Find the Odd one
396, 462, 572, 427, 671, 264
A. 396
B. 427
C. 671
D. 264
E. None of the above
Correct Answer B
68. In each of the following questions, two statements numbered I and II are given. There may be cause and effect relationship between the two statements. These two statements may be the effect of the same cause or independent causes. These statements may be independent causes without having any relationship.
Read both the statements in each question and mark your answer
Statements :
I. The employees of the biggest bank in the country have given an indefinite strike call starting from third of the next month.
II. The employees of the Central Government have withdrawn their week long demonstrations.
A. Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect
B. Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect
C. Both the statements I and II are independent causes
D. Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
69. What number should replace the question mark?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
E. None of the above
Correct Answer A
70. The titration between diluted oil of vitriol and solution of washing soda is an example of the reaction between __
A. Strong acid and strong base
B. Strong acid and weak base
C. Monoprotic acid and weak base
D. Diprotic acid and strong base
E. None of the above
Correct Answer B
71. A. man buys a watch for Rs. 1950 in cash and sells it for Rs. 2200 at a credit of 1 year. If the rate of interest is 10% per annum, the man:
A gains Rs. 55
B. gains Rs. 50
C. loses Rs. 30
D. gains Rs. 30
E. None of the above
Correct Answer B
Read the given information carefully and answer the questions given beside :
A Car moves 8m from Point A in the north direction to reach Point B. Then it turns and moves for 10m in north-west direction. Then it turns and moves 8m in south direction. Then it turns right and
moves for 3m to reach point C, which is in west direction with respect to Point B. Then finally, it turns and moves for 10m in south-west direction to reach Point D, which is west direction with
respect to Point A.
72. What is the shortest distance between Point A and Point D?
A.12m
B. 15m
C. 17m
D. 20m
E. None of the above
Correct Answer B
Seven people – A, B, C, D, E, F and G – are having different hobbies, viz., Travelling, Reading, Dancing, Painting, Sculpting, Singing and Pottery making, but not necessarily in the same order. Each of them belong to different State, viz., Punjab, Odisha, Kerala, Rajasthan, Maharastra, Gujarat and Karnataka, but not necessarily in the same order. A belongs to Maharastra. D likes pottery making. The person who likes sculpting is from the State of Odisha. The person who likes dancing is from the State of Gujarat. F does not belong to Gujarat, Odisha, Punjab or Rajasthan. F does not like singing, reading or painting. B does not belong to Kerala, Odisha, Punjab or Rajasthan. B does not like painting, travelling, reading or singing. C does not like sculpting and he is not from Rajasthan or Punjab. Neither D nor G belongs to Punjab. A does not like reading. The person from Kerala likes singing.
73. Who among the following likes singing?
A. A
B. C
C. E
D. G
E. None of the above
Correct Answer B
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given beside.
Micky is brother in law of Akku, who has two daughters but no son. Rinku is cousin of Quki and brother of Riku. Vicky has two daughters and one son. Unni has only one son and one daughter.
Micky is the only sibling of Wiku. Tinu and Sanu are daughters of Xoxo. Donu is also the member of this family. Riku is granddaughter of Akku, who is married to Wiku. Unni and Vicky are sons in
law of Wiku.
74. How is Wiku related to Donu?
A. Father
B. Mother
C. Grandfather
D. Can't be determined
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
Read the Passage Below and answer the questions Since the end of the last World War, the Emperor has several times rejected the suggestion that a new palace should be built for him or that his existing quarters should be suitable reconstructed. The Emperor refused to live in a luxurious palace, because millions of his people were rendered homeless during the war, their standard of living had fallen and they were subject to various kinds of hardship. The Emperor and the Empress have, therefore, continued to live in the bomb-shelter. This is hardly the place the Emperor would have chosen to live in, as the floor of the bomb-shelter is wet for most of the time. In the last few years, the economic condition of Japan has improved. The Emperor has, therefore, accepted the advice of his ministers that a palace should be built for him.
75. According to the passage, the Emperor refused to live in a palace because
A. he was the Emperor
B. his country suffered a defeat in the war
C. his people were rendered homeless by war
D. he did not wish to live better when his people were homeless and suffering hardships
E. None of the above
Correct Answer D
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