Dr. Tarun Virmani
Associate Professor
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
MVN University, Palwal( Haryana)
Test kits identifies antibodies that are formed after the virus reaches the body & examining the antibody indicates whether the corona virus was reached in a person's body. Two methods are also used for this. Some kits identify IgM type antibodies (IgM is the first class of immunoglobulin made by B cells as they mature, and it is the form most commonly present as the antigen receptor on the B-cell surface. When IgM is secreted from the cells, five of the basic Y-shaped units become joined together to make a large pentamer molecule with 10 antigen-binding sites.
This large antibody molecule is particularly effective at attaching to antigenic determinants present on the outer coats of bacteria. When this IgM attachment occurs, it causes microorganisms to agglutinate, or clump together), so some kits have IgG antibodies (Immunoglobulin G is a type of antibody which is approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. IgG molecules are created and released by plasma B cells. Each IgG has two antigen binding sites). Some kits identify both. The problem is that the IgM antibody is formed immediately after the corona virus is reached in the body. This shows that a person has been suffering from viruses recently. Later, gradually, the IgM antibody starts to decrease and replaces the IgG antibody. The IgG antibody shows that the virus infection is chronic. Even after 15 days, 20 per cent of cases do not get accurate information. This rapid test for corona is based on antibodies does not accurately inform the presence of the virus in 20 per cent of the case even after 15 days. While immediate detection of corona infection requires isolating the infected patient. It would be easier to test on a large scale with rapid testing kits in the red zone area to find out how many people have spread the virus. So that the strategy can be fixed to control it accordingly.
However, in PCR test they usually involve taking a sample from the back of the throat with a cotton swab. The doctor then sends the sample off for testing. The sample will undergo a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. This type of test detects signs of the virus’s genetic material. A PCR test can confirm a diagnosis of COVID-19 if it identifies two specific SARS-CoV-2 genes. If it identifies only one of these genes, it will produce an inconclusive result. If the sample comes negative, all the five persons are considered infection free. If positive comes, the corona test of the five persons is done alternately. This will remove the problem of kits and labs. The Corona test will also be expedited.
In India they are doing pool testing. The ICMR has given the green signal to bridge testing to ascertain the presence of corona virus in the orange zone areas. The sample test of five persons will be carried out simultaneously. If the whole sample is negative, all the five will be treated as corona free. However, after getting positive, all the five samples will be examined separately and identified as infected persons. The cost of pool testing will come down and it can prove to be accurate in monitoring the corona virus. Corona test is mandatory for patients suffering from shortness of breath and severely coming from cough colds in the Green Zone area. This will enable it to be ascertained that the corona virus has not accidentally reached the Green Zone.
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