Articles

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Upendra B. Gandagule¹, B. Duraiswamy², Lokesh Gupta², Mayur R. Bhurat¹, Sanjay A. Nagdev³*
¹Department of Pharmacognosy,
K.Y.D.S.C.T’s college of Pharmacy,
Sakegaon-Bhusawal, Maharashtra, India
²Department of Pharmacognosy,
JSS College of pharmacy,
Ooty, Karnataka, India
³Department of Quality assurance,
K.Y.D.S.C.T’s college of Pharmacy,
Sakegaon-Bhusawal, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT
The present study deals with detailed pharmacognostic profile of stem of Z. xylopyrus, family Rhamnaceae an important plant in the Indian system of medicine. Stem samples of Z. xylopyrus were studied by morphological, microscopical, physicochemical, phytochemical and powder characters of the plant and other methods for standardization recommended by WHO. Macro and microscopical studies indicated the presence of stem reddish brown in colour externally and internally whitish in colour, odourless and having pungent taste with smooth, irregular fracture. Xylem fibers arranged in radial rows, xylem parenchyma, vessel or xylem vessels, medullary rays were uni to tetraserate and pith. Powder microscopy revealed the presence of sclerenchyma, sclerenchymatous fibre and wood elements. Phytochemical evaluation have been performed which clearly reveals the occurrence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, steroids and sterol, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids. Physicochemical parameters such as ash value extractive values were also determined and results showed that water soluble extractive value was higher than alcohol soluble extractive value. The results of the study can serve as a valuable source of information and provide suitable standards for identification of this plant material in future investigation and application.

ABOUT AUTHOR
Dr. Amit Gangwal
gangwal.amit@gmail.com

A new set of global guidelines on managing diabetes (that plan to replace those followed nearly for thirty years) has been released by American College of Physicians, organization comprising internal medicine physicians. The same has been published in medical journal Annals of Internal Medicine. It says clinicians should aim to achieve an HbA1c level between 7% and 8% in most patients with type 2 diabetes (against the current 6.5 to 7%). This new figure has caused disagreement within the medical community. Medical practitioners in India opine that this may lead to serious complications in diabetics; so it should be ignored for Indians. There were around 72 million diabetics in India in 2017 (as per International Diabetes Federation). HbA1c is long-term blood sugar target, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) and it is an estimation of a person’s average blood sugar level over the past few months1.

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Muthyala Nagavamsidhar*¹ , Athifa Benzeer¹, Suman A¹., Altaf M.¹, Qadrie ZL.^2
*1 Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pratishta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suryapet, Hyderabad, Telangana
² Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pratishta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suryapet, Hyderabad, Telangana

ABSTRACT:
Background: A self medication is most common in almost all countries on the globe. The practice of self care is high in both educated and uneducated population .These practice of self medications has both beneficial and potential risk and need proper knowledge towards the self care.
Objectives: The objectives of study were: To know the reason for self medications and to determine the practice of self medication for various illness and use of over -the -counter drugs
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a validated self-administered, questionnaire was used to collect data among pharmacy students.
Results: Of the 117 students, 36 were males and 81 were females. Out of 117 students, 53 students practice self medications for minor illness and remaining reported  various reasons for self care. Most commonly consumed OTC medications are analgesics for fever and pain.

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S. Dhivya*, DR. A. N. Rajalakshmi
Department of Pharmaceutics, Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health Sciences,  Gorimedu, Puducherry-605006, India.

ABSTRACT:
Design and development of herbal nanoparticles has become a frontier research in the nanoformulation arena. Curcumin is the main bioactive component contained in Curcuma longa, largely employed in traditional medicine. Recently, beneficial properties, useful for prevention and treatment of several disorders, have been discovered for this compound. Although curcumin has shown therapeutic efficacy against many human ailments, one of the major problems with curcumin is its poor bioavailability, which appears to be primarily due to poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and rapid systemic elimination. Therefore introduction of nanotechnology provides a solution towards increased bioavailability of curcumin. In this review, the various methods of preparation of curcumin nanoparticles are briefly discussed.

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Steffi Jerry Mammen
Inamdar Multispeciality Hospital,
Pune, Maharashtra

ABSTRACT:
Purpose: To study the adverse drug reactions (ADR’s) reported from wards and critical units in a tertiary care hospital of Pune. The adverse drug reactions were analyzed by Naranjo’s algorithm scale and Hartwig severity assessment scale and the outcomes were studied.
Methods:  This observational and cross-sectional study was conducted for 6months from November 2016-May 2017 in an inpatient setting of a tertiary care hospital of Pune. The data collection was done only in wards and critical units. Patients of all age groups and either sex were included in this study. The adverse drug reactions were assessed for their causality and severity by performing the Naranjo’s algorithm scale and Hartwig’s scale respectively. The outcomes were studied. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics.
Result: Total 50 adverse drug reactions were reported from wards and critical units. 21-30 years age group was reported to have more adverse drug reactions. The most commonly affected organ is the Skin 32 (71.11%), followed by Respiratory system 3 (6.66%) and nervous system 3 (6.66%). Vancomycin 5 (20%) was the drug having majority of the ADR’s. The commonly reported ADR in this study was rash and itching 29 (64.44%). According to Naranjo’s algorithm scale, 23 (51.11%) suspected ADR’s were probable, 17 (37.77%) ADR’s were possible and 5(11.11%) were definite. As per Hartwig’s severity assessment scale, majority of the ADR’s were mild 21 (46.66%), followed by moderate 20 (44.44%) and severe 4 (8.88%). The outcome of the ADR’s was all recovered 38 (84.44%) during the study period.
Limitations: Study was conducted only in wards and critical units not in all departments of the hospital. Some of the ADR’s have gone un-reported by Resident Medical Officer (RMO) due to increased work pressure, lack of awareness or busy environment.

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ABOUT AUTHORS
SUMAN A*, Nagavamshidhar M, SRIKANTH J, QADRIE ZL
Department of Pharmacy Practice,
Pratishta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Suryapet, Telangana, India

ABSTRACT:
Hepatitis is a viral infection which can leads to the inflammation of liver. The injury is occurred to the liver due to the inflammation of hepatic cells. The auto immune hepatitis occurred when the body makes antibodies against its own hepatocytes (or) liver cells. Hepatitis is an inflammation that can be shelf limited or can progress to fibrosis, liver cancer, and cirrhosis. The hepatitis word comes from the ancient Greek, it means, heap-liver cities: inflammation the first hepatitis discussed in 1963 when Dr Baruch Blumberg discovered an antigen that detected in blood samples. HAV severity is increased with the age; this is lead to outbreaks of HAV. HAV vaccination was developed in 1990s; it is thermo-stable and acid resistant. All viruses are classified according to their virion properties like morphology, physiochemical properties and physical properties, genome, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, genome organization and replication. HBV is a global health problem that can leads to the liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The majority of liver transplantations occurred due to the HCV infection. The pathophysiology is not completely understood, the virus is reached to the liver but exact mechanism not known, the HVE replicated in Gastro-intestinal tract it before enter to the liver. The study was mainly done because of the common people  have lakh of knowledge on about hepatitis, they are suffered a lot due to this disease  by doing this type of reviews reveals that  how the common peoples are suffered, how to improve health information and communication to people in  health care system. Health care team and system  improve the information provided to people regarding the current issues of diseases, treatments and preventing measures based on this type of reviews.

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ABOUT AUTHORS
P. S. Bhandare ¹, V.G Gharge ².
¹*Department of Pharmacology,
GIPER, Satara, Maharashtra, India.
² Department of Pharmaceutics,
GIPER, Satara, Maharashtra, India.

ABSTRACT
"The objective of the present investigation was to formulate and evaluate microencapsulated  Glimepiride produced by the emulsion - solvent evaporation method. Microparticles were prepared using Eudragit RLPO by emulsion solvent evaporation and characterized for their micromeritic properties, encapsulation efficiency, particle size, In vitro release studies were performed in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The resulting microparticles obtained by solvent evaporation method were free flowinging nature. The mean particle size of microparticles ranges from 140.40 - 173.90 μm and encapsulation efficiency ranges from 90.46 – 93.09%. Eudragit RLPO microparticles containing Glimepiride could be prepared successfully by using an emulsion solvent evaporation technique, which will not only sustain the release of drug but also manage complicacy of the diabetes in a better manner.

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Ranjitha B¹, Dinesh Bhaskar¹, Balasubramanian Sathyamurthy^2
1 Department of Biochemistry,
Reva Institute of Science and Management, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
² Department of Biochemistry,
Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

ABSTRACT: 
The leaves of Terminalia Arjuna are commonly known as Arjuna. It is used as traditional medicinal plant distributed throughout the greater part of the Indian Peninsula along rivers and found in Sub-Himalayan tract, Chota Nagpur, Orissa, West Bengal, Punjab, Deccan and Konkan it has many medicinal properties like anti bacteria, anti inflammatory and used for the treatment of Asthama, Bronchities. These leaf extracts are found to have antioxidant, anticancer and antidiabetic activities. Out of many constituents arjunolic acid is the active principle which is responsible for antidiabetic effects. The present work was aimed to study the effect of Terminalia arjuna. Methanolic extracts on adipocyte 3T3-L1cell line and found the phytochemical compounds of Terminalia arjunaleaves have more inhibitory scavenging and more antidiabetic activities

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Abhishek Kumar*, Sandhya Singh, Rajesh Kumar, Pankaj Maurya, Devendra Nath
Department of Pharmacy
Ashoka Institute of Technology and Management,
Varanasi, U.P., India
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ABSTRACT
Nutraceutical from Nutrition and Pharmaceutical, in 1989. Nutraceuticals refers to foods having a medicinal effect on health of human beings. It consist of food supplements, herbal products, probiotics and prebiotics, medical foods meant for prevention and treatment of diseases. Major nutraceuticals posses multiple therapeutic effect with lacking of unwanted effects. A nutraceutical is demonstrated to have a physiological benefit or provide protection against chronic disease. I try to redefine functional foods and nutraceuticals. When food is being cooked or prepared using scientific intelligence with or without knowledge is called functional food. Thus, functional food provides the body with the required amount of vitamins, fats, proteins, carbohydrates, etc, needed for its healthy survival When functional food aids in the prevention, treatment of disease(s) and disorder(s) other than anemia, it is called a nutraceutical. Nutraceuticals are non toxic food components which claimed to possess multiple therapeutic benefits. Some popular nutraceuticals include glucosamine, ginseng, echinacea, folic acid, cod liver oil, omega-3 fatty acid(MUFA,PUFA), calcium-enriched orange juice, green tea, plant phenols etc.