Articles

ABOUT AUTHORS
Mudasir Maqbool¹*, Mohmad Amin Dar¹, Shafiqa Rasool¹, Rabiah Bashir1, Misba Khan ^2
1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
²Mader-E-Meharban Institute of Nursing Sciences and Research,
Jammu And Kashmir, India

ABSTRACT
The maintenance of a healthy liver is vital to overall health of the human beings. Since the liver is involved in almost all biochemical processes and there are many different diseases that will affect it. The liver is often abused by environmental toxins, which are eating habits, alcohol and overdose of certain drugs which can damage and weaken the liver and eventually lead to many diseases. Medicinal herbs are significant source of hepatoprotective drugs. Mono and poly-herbal preparations have been used in various liver disorders. According to one estimate, more than 700 mono and poly-herbal preparations in the form of decoction, tincture, tablets and capsules from more than 100 plants are in clinical use. From the literature review near about 178 medicinal plants are reported to possess a hepatoprotective activity. A drug having beneficial effect on the liver is known as hepatoprotective drug. On the other hand, drugs having toxic effect on the liver are better known as hepatotoxic drugs. The most commonly used parameters to assess the hepatoprotective activity are morphological e.g. Liver weight and volume, biochemical estimations, such as measurement of transaminase activity, SGPT, SCOT, alkaline phosphatase, serum bilirubin, total serum proteins, albumin, globulin and prothrombin time, functional parameters, pentobarbitone and hexobarbitone sleeping time and finally histopathological study regarding presence of necrosis, fatty degeneration and cirrhosis. In this review, we will briefly discuss hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotective agents.

ABOUT AUTHORS
Brijesh Dasvani^*, Avani Khristi
Department of Quality Assurance
Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Waghodiya,Limda, Vadodara, Gujarat.

ABSTRACT 
Oral dosage forms are the best medicine administration way of taking medication, despite having some disadvantages compared with other methods like risk of slow absorption of the medicament, which can be overcome by administering the drug in liquid form, therefore, possibly allowing the use of a lower dosage. However, instability of many drugs in liquid dosage form limits its use. Effervescent technique can be used as alternate to develop a dosage form which can accelerate drug disintegration and dissolution, is usually applied in quick release preparations. Along with the development of new pharmaceutical technique, effervescent tablet are more and more extensively to adjust the behaviour of drug release, such as in sustained and controlled release preparations, pulsatile drug delivery systems, and so on.

ABOUT AUTHORS
PANDIYA HARSHADA*, RATHORE KS
Department of Pharmaceutics, B.N. College of Pharmacy, BN University, Udaipur- 313001

ABSTRACT
Olmesartan medoxomil (OM) is a new angiotensin II receptor antagonist agent. Olmesartan medoxomil is a prodrug, which, after ingestion, liberates the only active metabolite, olmesartan. Simple and sensitive method has been developed for determination of olmesartan medoxomil in both pure and pharmaceutical formulation. This method obeys Beer’s law in the concentration range of 15-55 µg/ml, exhibiting maximum absorption at 258.10 nm. In this method no interference from the common pharmaceutical excipients was observed. The developed and validated method was applied for the determination of olmesartan medoxomil in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

ABOUT AUTHORS
Navjeet Singh*, Mrinal and Rubal Thakur
Dreamz College of Pharmacy, Khilra, Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT: Medicinal plants and derived medicine are widely used in traditional culture all over the world and they are becoming increasingly popular in modern society as natural alternatives to synthetic chemicals. Tagetes erecta Linn Known as “genda phool” (Marigold) belong to the family Astraceae, native to Mexico, Central America, Bolivia and Colombia. All parts of this plant used for medicinal purposes. It contained wide range of chemical constituents thiophenes, flavanoids, cartenoids, triterpenoids, oxycaroteniod and xanthophylls. This review article focus on the pharmacological actions like antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, hepatoprotective activity, wound healing property, cytotoxic and insecticidal activities. This review is a step to open insight for therapeutic efficacy of Tagetes erecta.

ABOUT AUTHORS
Md. Nazmul Islam Prottoy¹*, Md. Asad Ullah¹, Bishajit Sarkar¹, Sohana Hossain¹, Aisha Siddiqua Boby¹, Yusha Araf^2
1Dept. of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
²Dept. of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder which affects the people of almost all ethnic groups around the world severely. The effect of this disease involves lifelong suffering and has no permanent cure till now. Although different medications are available in the market but they are not accessible to every person due to their high cost, requirement of frequent administration and inability to alleviate diabetes permanently.  Plant derived compounds are being commonly used by many people, specifically by those in rural areas of many countries as ayurvedic source of antidiabetic agents and these are more preferable to everyone due to their less toxicity and side effects. These compounds work by variety of mechanisms which involve different interactions between effective compounds and target proteins in the metabolic pathway. Molecular docking study helps in determining the interaction between specific ligands and receptors to specify the best lead that fits the target.  This study has been designed to investigate the interactions with the aid of computational simulation tool between medicinal plant derived antidiabetic agents (Aegeline, Gallic Acid, Mangiferin and Quercetin) and a glucose metabolism regulatory target enzyme involved in type II diabetes, Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta (GSK3B) to assist potential antidiabetic drug search from natural source.

ADME/T test assists in determining various physicochemical and pharmacological properties of lead molecules like their extent of adsorption inside the cell, extent of metabolism, solubility, blood brain barrier permeability, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity   etc. which are the major prerequisites before marketing a drug. Quercetin performed well in overall experiment suggesting the best finding of the experiment.

However, further in vitro/in vivo study is required to find out the best remedy of diabetes.

ABOUT AUTHORS
Mohammad Sarowar Uddin*, Md. Arafat Jakir, Md. Shalahuddin Millat, Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui
Nokhali Science and Technology University
Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT
Atorvastatin calcium is a poorly water soluble compound marketed in Bangladesh under bio-waiver conditions. The present study aimed to develop formulation and drug excipients compatibility study of Atorvastatin calcium (50 mg) sustain release tablet and optimize the final formula. The tablet were formulated by direct compression method and the results obtained were extrapolated. Solid dispersion of Atorvastatin calcium was prepared by using Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, Methyl cellulose, Lactose, Guar gum, Xanthan gum & Magnesium Stearate. The in vitro equivalence test was carried out in three different media. Test results were subjected to statistical analysis to compare the dissolution profiles. Other general quality parameters of these tablets such as weight variation, friability, thickness, hardness and disintegration time were also determined according to established protocols. Final formulation of solid dispersed Atorvastatin calcium revealed that successfully improvement of solubility as well as dissolution of Atorvastatin calcium in long time. This study could be very much helpful for better bioavailability of poorly water soluble drug avoiding first pass metabolism. Finally, we can claim that prepared tablets are proved to be promising dosage form for sustained drug delivery of Atorvastatin calcium by reducing dosing frequency and increasing the patient compliance.

ABOUT AUTHORS
Pomila*; Anjali Sidhu
Department of chemistry,
Punjab Agriculture University,
Ludhiana, Punjab, India

ABSTRACT
The current review frameworks different approaches of synthesis and various biological activities of allyl sulfides. The food-based natural products (allyl sulfides) are major organo-sulfur constituent of garlic had been studied extensively due to their moderate toxicity accompanied by number of biological applications such as anti-cancer, anti-microbial, antibiotic, antimutagenic and detoxification etc. The broad-spectrum application of allyl sulfides inspires us to do advance research on it.

ABOUT AUTHORS
Misba Khan¹, Mudasir Maqbool ²*
¹Mader-E-Meharban Institute of Nursing Sciences and Research, SKIMS, Soura ,Jammu and Kashmir, India
²Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India

ABSTRACT
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are the common medical disorders in pregnancy. It has effects both on expectant mother and foetus. The impact due to hypertensive disorders in pregnancy on maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity is very high in India and other developing countries. The incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension in India is about 7-10% of all antenatal admission. Severe forms of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy like eclampsia is a major cause of maternal mortality. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy complicate 1 in 10 pregnancies, often associated with maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Pregnancy induced hypertension is one of the common medical disorders of pregnancy. It complicates 6 to 8% of pregnancies and is the third common cause for maternal mortality and morbidity next to haemorrhage and infections. 18% of maternal deaths are due to pregnancy related hypertension complications. It affects both mother and foetus. Hypertension during pregnancy predisposes to complications like eclampsia, abruptio placentae, disseminated intravascular coagulation, pulmonary oedema, blindness, cerebrovascular haemorrhages, HELLP syndrome, foetus growth restriction and foetal demise. Controlling hypertension in pregnancy prevents complications both in mother and foetus. There are various theories for the aetiology of pregnancy induced hypertension. The common pathophysiological changes seen are imbalance between vasoconstrictor thromboxane and vasodilator prostacyclin resulting in generalised vasospasm. This leads to endothelial damage resulting in release of vasoactive substances. This causes decreased intravascular volume and increased extravascular volume. The effects of this are placental insufficiency resulting in complications. Controlling hypertension in pregnancy using antihypertensive drugs brings down these complications. In this review, we will briefly discuss about Pregnancy induced Hypertension, its pathophysiology, diagnosis and its management.

ABOUT AUTHOR
Sadanand Dhananjay Khair
College Government College of pharmacy Karad, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT
Non communicable diseases are those diseases which are mostly chronic and rarely acute this are not contagious in nature they are not transfer from one person to another. Referred to as a "lifecycle" sickness, in light of the fact that most of these maladies are preventable ailments, the most widely recognized reasons for non-communicable disease  (NCD) incorporate tobacco use (smoking), liquor misuse, less than stellar eating routines (high utilization of sugar, salt, immersed fats, and trans unsaturated fats) and physical inertia. In India as well as world level although there is food of vehicles, motorbikes, gadgets like mobile phones, cameras ,smart phones computer related materials still at level of human being may he or she be poor or rich educated or non-educated  having a good job or jobless or unmarried or divorced man suffering from disease which are difficult to treat because of pollution at every level at every level of soil, water ,food, agricultural products, air pollution human being are facing no of respiratory disease like C.O.P.D.,emphysema asthma etc. Non communicable disease are those type of disease which do not spread from person to person. They either present since birth or developed during growing stages. Common reasons for this type of disease are infection with various agents, pollution, changing life style, using chemical things rather than herbal things, using high amount of drug of abuse.