Pharmacology Articles

ABOUT AUTHOR:
Akshay Rajgaria, Prajna Tripathy
Kanak Manjari Institute of pharmaceutical Sciences.
Rourkela, Orissa
akshaykrish2007@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
An aspergilloma, also known as a mycetoma or fungus ball, is a clump of fungus which exists in a body cavity such as the lung. It is associated with the Aspergillus species, but Zygomycota and Fusarium may also form similar structures

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ABOUT AUTHOR:
Anjan Khadka
Department of Pharmacology,
AFMC, Pune, India
anjankhadka14@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:
Interleukins are a subset of a larger group of cellular messenger molecules called cytokines, which are modulators of cellular behaviour. On the basis of their respective cytokine profiles, responses to chemokines, and interactions with other cells, these T-cell subsets can promote different types of inflammatory responses. During the development of allergic disease, effector TH2 cells produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-32.  IL-25, IL- 31, and IL-33 contributes to TH2 responses and inflammation. These cytokines have roles in production of allergen-specific IgE, eosinophilia, and mucus. ILs have role in therapeutics as well as diagnosis and prognosis as biomarker in various conditions. Therapeutic targeting of the IL considered to be rational treatment strategy and promising biologic therapy.

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About Authors:
M Sushma*, TVV Vidyadhar, R Mohanraj, M Babu
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (RIPER),
K R Palli Cross, Near S.K University, Anantapuramu District, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA.
*sushma.banthi@gmail.com

Abstract:
Interstitial cystitis (IC) is an irritative bladder syndrome of multifactorial aetiology and is said to be one of the several conditions that causes bladder pain, which is most commonly seen in women than in men. It is of unknown aetiology. But some factors like autoimmune disorder, Genetic predisposition, Gynaecologic surgery in the past, History of recurrent UTIs. The body's immune system attacks the bladder, similar to other autoimmune conditions. The urologist may use a special scope called a cytoscope to look inside your bladder for inflammation, pinpoint bleeding. Management of IC is done by oral therapy of pentosanpolysulphate, Tricyclic anti-depressants, Anti-histamines, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Bladder analgesics. Whereas intravesical therapy Dimethyl sulphoxide, heparin, Bacillus calmette-Guerin

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About Author:
Mr. Yogesh K. Patil
Lecturer, Department of Pharmacology,
Shree Mahavir Institute of Pharmacy,
Nashik.
yogesh_kpatil85@yahoo.co.in

Abstract:
Atherosclerosis is deposition of fatty substances into the inner wall of blood vessels. Due to deposition of lipid material into blood vessels there is restricted flow to blood to various organs like kidney, heart, lungs etc. To overcome this effect various drugs available in market like statins, fibrates etc. There is also way to clean lipid from inner lining of blood vessels through surgery which is last step of treatment. There are mainly two surgeries available that is bypass surgery of heart and angioplasty.

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About Authors:
V.Sankar¹*, Akash kurian²
*¹Department of Pharmacy Practice, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore.
²PHARM.D Intern, PSG College of Pharmcy, Coimbatore.
*akash.kurian8@gmail.com

Abstract:
The objective of review is to outline the probiotics use in medicine and to give insight in to the field for different applications. The use of probiotics in treatment regimen is increasing. Probiotics are live organisms and prebiotics are components of food that are not otherwise easily digested by humans and these food components essentially feed beneficial bacteria in the gut. Probiotics can be formulated to many different types of products including drugs, foods and dietary supplements. Species of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium are most commonly used as probiotics. Probiotics are intended to assist the body’s naturally occurring gut mitochondria. Some probiotic preparations have been used to prevent diarrhea caused by antibiotics or as part of treatment for antibiotic related dysbiosis. This article focus on the probiotics use,  clinical trials and its future.

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About Authors:
Yogesh K. Patil
Lecturer, Department of Pharmacology,
Shree Mahavir Institute of Pharmacy,
Nashik.
yogesh_kpatil85@yahoo.co.in

Abstract:
Endothelial dysfunction is mainly observed in diabetics. The main role of endothelium is to control the tone of the vascular smooth muscle through the production of vasodilator mediators like nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation has been observed in vascular beds of different animal models of diabetes and in humans with type 1 and 2 diabetes. Hyperglycaemia causes repeated acute changes in intracellular metabolism and causes activation of polyol pathway, activation of protein kinase C, advanced glycation end product and increased oxidative stress.

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About Authors:
Languluri Reddenna¹*, Sree Nagavalli K², Kummara Naga Pujitha^3
1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India-516003
²Department of Pharmacy Practice, S.J.M College of Pharmacy, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India-577502
³Department of Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India-516003
reddennapharmd@gmail.com

Abstract
Women produce natural life; but now they will add medically to save lives through the Endometrial Regenerative Cells (ERC) or stem cells reaped from unwanted menstrual fluid, recognized to be the most revolting stage of woman's life. Menstrual blood, as researchers said that, is found to be the most potent source of stem cells so far. Discovering curative power of stem cells has been a revolutionary break through in the field of surgery and medicine till date, which has actually given many the precious gift of life. The uterine endometrial lining, aannoying source of stem cells, is shed in menstrual process every month. In the rebuilding process that ranges over seven days, billions of cells develop creating almost 5 millimeter-thick lining. These self-renewing cells, also called Endometrial Regenerative Cells, can be developed into other tissues under controlled laboratory conditions and have multipotent markers analogous to stem cells from other sources. The requirement for regenerative therapies incorporating cells that have the ability to engraft and differentiate is vast. Mesenchymal stem cells resulting from bone marrow are presently in clinical trialsafter demonstrating safety and efficacy in animal modelsfor allogeneic use due to their immunosuppressive proper-ties. Due to their simplicity of collection and isolation, MenSCs would be a great impending basis of multipotent cells if they also showed these properties.

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