Pharmaceutics Articles

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ABOUT AUHTORS
Debpratim Chakraborty*, Nisha Lama Yolmo
Department of Pharmaceutical tech,
Jadavpur University,
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
*debpratim008@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Now a day in medical science and researches, cancer is one of the most life threatening disease but unfortunately still now we have no medical treatment for procurement of this disease. The pathology is not totally clear but according to medical evidence if we consider genes then we must agree that oncogene and tumor suppressor genes are mainly responsible. There are some risk factor also consider which may leads to cancer. The conventional treatments are surgery, Radio-therapy and chemo therapy but the real fact is none of the above mentioned treatment is enough for procurement of cancer and that’s why now scientist and researchers are thinking about nan-technology. NCI has identified that nano-technology have the potential to make paradigm changing impacts on the detection, treatment and prevention of cancer.  There are different strategies for cancer therapy using nano-particles like targeted and non-targeted nano-particles. Different studies show that the side effect of doxorubicine (an anticancer drug) can be minimizing by nano-technology, which also reduce the multi drug resistance. Nano-sphere and Nano-capsule of anti-steroid 4-hydroxytamoxifen RU reduce estrogen dependent tumor. Dendritic nano-technology with 5-fluro Uracil decreases the drug clearance and increase the therapeutic time. Methotrixate incorporated dendritic polymer target the folic acid receptor. Camptothecin loaded nano-particles show longer plasma retention, high and longer tumor localization. Nano-particles prepared by poly-lactic-co-glycolide increase the half life of Cisplatin. Paclitaxel, a microtubule-stabilizing agent that promotes polymerization of tubulin causing cell death by disrupting the dynamics necessary for cell division, is effective against a wide spectrum of cancers. Miscellaneous agent like Arsenic trioxide, Butyric Acid, Diethylene-triamine-Acetic acid show more prominent activity. Recent development in nanoparticle-based combination therapy have shown several unique features that are untenable in traditional chemotherapy. Drug combinations can now be optimizedand cleverly delivered in a more effective way.

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HardikRana*, BhargavVaghasiya, MansiDholakia
Department of Pharmaceutics,
Anand Pharmacy College, Anand, 388 001, Gujarat, India.
*hardikrana1439@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The objective of present study was to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drug Ibuprofen using spherical crystallization technique.The potential agglomerates were prepared by addition of different concentrationof polymer selected on the basis of Phase solubility study. Spherical agglomerates were prepared using diethyl ether as bridging liquid by neutralizing technique, spherical agglomeration technique, Quasi emulsion solvent diffusion technique. Spherical agglomerates were evaluated for morphology, production yield, drug content, particle size and dissolution behaviour compared with pure drug.The result of phase solubility studies revealed that there is enhancement of solubility by PEG 4000. Rod shaped crystals of pure drug converted to spherical was confirmed by optical microscopy. The dissolution of agglomerates of optimum batch exhibited 88.24% release compare to 47.18% of pure drug within 60 minute. This study demonstrated that spherical crystallization technique can be consider as a suitable alteration of granulation. Ibuprofen spherical agglomerates can be prepared with PEG 4000. It exhibited excellent physicochemical, solubility, dissolution rate in comparison with pure drug. Among other spherical crystallization technique, QESD proved to be excellent techniquefor enhancement of solubility and dissolution.

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Suleman S. khoja 1 , Sohil S. khoja 1,
Farhad S. Khoja 2,Shamim Khoja2,Narmin Pirani2
1)Resource person in pharmaceutical quality assurance and Audit Compliance,VAPI 2) Registered Pharmacist , Gujarat
Suleman salim khoja
Email: premukhoja@gmail.com

Scope 
Human Error is commonly defined as “a failure of a planned action to achieve a desired outcome”. GMPs clearly state in CFR 211.22 that “[the quality control unit has]…the authority to review Production records to assure that no errors have occurred or, if errors have occurred, that they have been fully investigated.” Let’s analyze this statement. If the FDA expects that errors be fully investigated, it is safe to assume that the term error is NOT a root cause. That’s why it needs to be fully investigated, hence determine the root cause of the human error.  In order to successfully achieve this goal, we have to understand how to improve the way we deal with these types of situations. review article accurately how to accurately identify human errors, determine when a deviation or nonconformance requires CAPA, and get started using human performance improvement tools and processes in your organization.

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Bhumika Kumar*
Department of pharmaceutics,
Delhi pharmaceutical sciences and research university,
New Delhi, India

ABSTRACT
Solid dispersion is an effective way of improving the dissolution rate of poorly water soluble drugs and hence its bioavailability.  The water soluble carriers used in preparation of solid dispersion enhance the dissolution rate of the poorly water soluble drug. The review article focuses on the methods of preparation, advantages, disadvantages and characterization of the solid dispersions.

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Jaha Sultana Mohammed
Pelcat Formulation PVT
sohnivya786@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The purpose of cleaning validation is to establish the documented evidence with high degree of assurance that the cleaning process followed as per standard operating procedure for cleaning the equipment used for the processing, consistently and concurrently yields the results not exceeding predetermined acceptance limit. The main objective of this particular study is to develop some understanding for the process of validation and its type along with importance of cleaning validation in pharmaceutical industry to prevent cross contamination. This topic includes Types of validation, cleaning validation, Levels of cleaning Validation, Cleaning mechanisms, cleaning agents used and process followed by pharmaceutical industry to achieve cleaning validation. The various methods used for cleaning validation are clearly discussed in this review.

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MNL Aishwarya, E. Anka Rao, M. Niranjan Babu
Department of Pharmaceutics
Seven Hills College of Pharmacy, Tirupati, AP, India
meenumakkhan@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat gastric problems mainly peptic ulcers. Peptic ulcers are present in around 4% of the population. They newly began in around 53 million people in 2013. About 10% of people develop a peptic ulcer at some point in their life.They resulted in 301,000 deaths in 2013 down from 327,000 deaths in 1990. The first description of a perforated peptic ulcer was in 1670 in Princess Henrietta of England. H. pylori was first identified as causing peptic ulcers by Barry Marshall and Robin Warren in the late 20th century, a discovery for which they received the Nobel Prize in 2005. Esomeprazole comes under non-surgical treatment for peptic ulcers. Though it is an effective drug used for the treatment of peptic ulcers it includes some side effects such as headache, nausea, diarrhea, decreased appetite…etc., optical isomer of omeprazole is called as s-isomer of omeprazole or esomeprazole which is an improved form of omeprazole. Esomeprazole in combination with cardiovascular drugs produces potential interactions and positive effects. This review article provides an evaluation of the literature on the concomitant use of esomeprazole available. The efficacy, safety, tolerability, cost effectiveness, and patient quality of life of this regimen is discussed. A summary of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of esomeprazole, Mechanism of action of omeprazole, as well as its effects during pregnancy are also reviewed.

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Subashini Rajaram, Abirami Murugan, Nidhina Raj C.M
Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India.
Life Pharmacy, Al Barsha, Dubai-UAE
subababu.r@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Degradation of rifampicin (RIF) to insoluble and poorly absorbed 3-Formyl rifamycin SV (3-FRSV) in acidic environment is a major concern which leads to reduction in the bioavailability of RIF and is further influenced by the presence of isoniazid (INH) in the stomach after ingestion. It is recommended that addition of ascorbic acid (ASC) in dissolution medium, in plasma as antioxidant to stabilize RIF from degradation and also daily intake of ASC to control tuberculosis (TB).Though the effect of ASC on fixed dose combination (FDC) products has not been traversed and hence examined in the present study.  The rate of degradation of RIF to 3-FRSV in the presence of ASC in dissolution medium (0.1 N HCl) on market formulations was estimated by Dual Wavelength UV–Vis. spectrophotometry (DW spectrophotometry) and High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Addition of ASC in FDC formulations lowered significantly formation of 3-FRSV or degradation of RIF as compared to that without ASC in in-vitro. Our study proposed that co-package of ASC with fixed dose combination products (FDC) can protect RIF degradation in the acidic environment and in-vivo investigation needed to predict the bioavailability of RIF in FDC products in the presence and absence of ASC for effective control of TB.

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Deepa Vishwakarma, Deepa Dhiman, Amit kumar Pal, Aman Mittal, Sunit Saini
Department of Pharmacy,
Smt. Tarawati Institute of Biomedical Allied Sciences,
Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
vishwakarmadeepa152@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The objective of our investigation was to design a thermodynamically stable and dilutable nanoemulsion formulation of Ibuprofen, with minimum surfactant concentration that could improve its solubility, formulation were taken from thermodynamic stability and dispersibility test. The oil, surfactant, co-surfactant and aqueous phase, respectively, containing 100mg of ibuprofen showed a significant improvement in drug release. In vitro drug release of the nanoemulsion formulation was highly significant as compared to marketed tablet formulation. The present study revealed that tinidazole nanoemulsion could be used as a liquid formulation for increase bioavailability. The formulated system can also be treated as self nano emulsifying drug delivery system.