October 2016

SRL Limited (SRL), is the veritable pioneer of medical diagnostics in India. Established in 1995, within 17 years from inception, SRL has been imbued with a mission to deliver Gold Standard Diagnostic services, both in the field of radiology and pathology.SRL is the only Pathology Lab Network in India to have 8 Reference Labs, 8 centres of excellence, over 200 network laboratories, 19 radiology/imaging centres, and a Footprint spanning over 1250 Collection Centres, offering more than 4000 test. Today SRL is conducting more than 50,000 tests in a day ranging from simple test to high-end tests. Through its network of laboratories, SRL offers the most comprehensive range of diagnostic facilities that cover an extensive range of specialties.

Post: Territory Development Manager/medical Representative

The Sandoz brand is a seal of quality, and healthcare professionals around the world trust it as a symbol of high-quality, affordable medications. It can trace its origins to a small chemical company that came into being in Basel, Switzerland, in 1886. Kern & Sandoz, as the company was initially called, focused on the production of dyes. However, within a decade it produced its first pharmaceutical substance, antipyrine, a fever-controlling agent. By 1917, the company had established its first pharmaceutical department and, in 1929, Calcium Sandoz was introduced, laying the foundation for modern calcium therapy. Calcium Sandoz went on to establish itself as one of the company’s best known products and is still well represented in today’s Sandoz portfolio.

Post : Manufacturing Head

Q.5. (b)How will you ascertain purity of sample by DSC? Discuss its principle.  
Ans.5. (b) Principle
In DSC the heat flow is measure and plotted against temperature of furnace or time to get a thermo gram. This is the basis of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The curve obtained in DSC is between dH/dtinmJ s-1 ormcal s-1 as a function of time or temperature. A typical DSC curve is shown in Fig. 1.19. The deviation observed above the base (zero) line is called exothermic transition and below is called endothermic transition. The area under the peak is directly proportional to the heat evolved or absorbed by the reaction, and the height of the curve is directly proportional to the rate of reaction. Therefore Eq. 11.1 is equally valid for DSC scheme also. The only difference is the calibration factor K in case of DSC is independent of temperature. This is a major advantage of DSC over DTA.
Peak area (A) = ± _ H m K …(1.7)

Q.5. (a) Draw diagram of apparatus and give methodology of DTA. Discuss factors affecting DTA results.
Ans.5. (a) Differential Thermal Analysis
In differential thermal analysis (DTA), a sample and a thermally inert reference material differencebetween the sample and the reference is measured as a function of the temperature applied. Because, during transition, the sample may either absorb or evolve heat, the difference in the temperature between the sample and the standard is equivalent to the temperature of transition and can indicate if the transition is endothermic or exothermic. Usually, ΔT is plotted against the temperature, T, or as a function of time (t).
DTA data are probably the most accurate of all thermal techniques, because the thermocouple is insert     into the sample; however, only the temperature of a transition and not the amount of heat can be measured from a DTA curve, as the area under the peak is not proportional to the amount of energy transferred into or out of the sample.
Factors affecting the DTA curve

Q.4.(c) Elaborate factors affecting electrophoretic mobility.
Ans.4. (c) Electrophoretic Mobility     
The migration rate ʋ of an ion (cm/s) in an electric field is equal to the product of the field strength E (V cm-1) and the electrophoretic mobility µe (cm2V-1s-1). That is,
ʋ = µeE
Electrophoretic mobility, µe = E/ʋ
The electrophoretic mobility is in turn proportional to the ionic charge on the analytic and inversely proportional to frictional retarding factors.
Factors affecting Electrophoretic Mobility:

Q.4. (b)Discuss about carrier gases, column and solid support stationary phases in GLC
Ans.4. (b) Carrier gas: For selecting a carrier gas following considerations should be taken into account:

Q.4.(a) Give difference stationary phases used in different modes of HPLC.
Ans.4. (a)Types of Stationary Phases used in HPLC: Various stationary phases available for HPLC are  Polystyrene/Divinylbenzene- Based Resins   In ion chromatography, the support material is polystyrene/ divinylbenzene (PS/DVB) based resin that is relatively stable with respect to pH.

Q.3. (c)Discuss principle and quantitative and qualitative applications of ESR
Ans.3. (c)Principle of Electron Spin Resonance:    
Electron Spin Resonance is a branch of absorption spectroscopy in which radiation having frequency in the microwave region is absorbed by paramagnetic substances to induce transitions between magnetic energy levels of electrons with unpaired spins. The magnetic energy splitting is done by applying a static magnetic field. The electron spin resonance phenomenon is shown by atoms having an odd number of electrons, ions having partly filled inner electron shells and other molecules that carry angular momentum of electronic origin.