Review Articles

13 September 2015

BIODEGRADABILITY AND WASTE MANAGEMENT OF JAIPUR FOOT

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Anil Kumar Jain¹*, Mona Kejariwal²
¹ Dr. P.K. Sethi Rehabilitation Centre, Santokba Durlabhji Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
²Department of Botany, R.D. National and W.A. Science College, Bandra (west), Mumbai, India.
*anil.rehab64@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Designed in and named after Jaipur, India, the prosthetic foot was designed to be inexpensive, water-resistant, and quick to fit and manufacture. Several field trials case studies were made and this artificial aid was found to be very comfortable and acceptable to the amputee population following floor sitting culture. The quality assertion and standards related to these prostheses at affordable cost assume great significance especially for India and other developing countries. Environmental issues such as biodegradability of various components like microcellular rubber, tread rubber, nylon cord, cushion compound and skin colour rubber and other. It is necessary that biodegradation issues should be widely held at various platforms beside its bioengineering and designing issues for proper handling and storage concerns. Approval standards and quality control should be a part of the development effort prior to regular production and use of these low cost prostheses.
4 September 2015

DIAGNOSIS OF GRANULAR CELL TUMOUR OF THE UPPER LIP USING POLYMER HRP DETECTION SYSTEM

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
¹Neeraj Kumar Lohani*, ²Prakash Singh Nainwal
¹Institute of Biomedical Education & Research, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh- Uttar Pradesh, India,
²Govt. medical College Haldwani, Nainital Uttrakhand, India
*neerajlohani06@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Oral granular cell tumour is a rare soft tissue tumour ofcan develop on any skin or mucosal surface. Granular cell tumors can affect all parts of the body; however, the head and neck areas are affected 45% to 65% of the time. Of the head and neck cases 70% of lesions are located intraorally (tongue, oral mucosa, hard palate). The next most common location that lesions are found in the head and neck area is the larynx(10%).^[1] In patients 30% of cases have been reported to occur in the lip, but this presentation in adults is extremely rare. The present study is concerned a case of oral granular cell tumour in a 60 year-old female, located in the upper lip. Histopathological examination revealed granular cells which stained positively for S-100 protein; a finding supportive of a neural origin. A history of trauma was elicited in this case, and the lesion was treated with surgical excision.
21 June 2015

MBA Pharmaceutical Management- Opening New Frontiers for a Vibrant Career in Pharmaceutical Industry

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Saurabh Kumar Banerjee
Assistant Professor, School of Pharmaceutical Management,
The IIHMR University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
saurabh@iihmr.edu.in

Pablo Picasso the famous Spanish painter, poet and playwright once quoted-
“Our goals can only be reached through a vehicle of a plan, In which we must fervently believe, and upon which we must vigorously act.
There is no other route to success”

In our journey for achieving excellence in professional career, meticulous planning and correct decision making, plays the most vital role in transforming our dreams and aspirations into reality. This piece of writing is an effort to give the reader an insight into the world of Pharmaceutical Management and help them to take a rational decision on the basis of facts and evidence, so that they can pursue a successful professional career in the area of Pharmaceutical Management.
18 June 2015

Soft Gelatin Capsules (Softgels)

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Abhishek Raj
Deputy Manager (R&D)
Quest Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd, Chhata Pipara, Bara, Birgunj, Nepal.
abhishekraj4@gmail.com

Introduction
A softgel or soft gelatin capsule is a solid capsule (outer shell) surrounding a liquid or semi-solid center (inner fill). An active ingredient can be incorporated into the outer shell, the inner fill, or both. They are oral dosage form for medicine similar to capsules. Softgel shells are a combination of gelatin, water, opacifier and a plasticizer such as glycerin and/or sorbitol(s).
26 April 2015

MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS: AN EMERGING INFECTION

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Suresh Rewar¹*, Dashrath Mirdha², Prahlad Rewar³
¹Department of pharmaceutics, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan,
²Dr. Sarvepali Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurved University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
³Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
sureshrewar1990@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
A severe viral illness caused by a newly discovered coronavirus was first reported in the Middle East in 2012. The virus has since been named the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV cases have been reported in several countries around the world in travelers from the Middle East., A substantial number of Indians live and work in Gulf countries. People from India also travel to Saudi Arabia as Pilgrims to Hajj. The illness has a high mortality rate. Limited human-to-human transmission has occurred including transmission to health care workers. The source of the virus remains unclear, but camels are a possible source. Since April 2012 and as of 20 February 2015, 1042 cases (including 419 deaths) of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have been reported by local health authorities worldwide. Laboratory confirmation of MERS-CoV infections to date has largely been by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) of lower respiratory tract specimens. Neither a vaccine nor effective therapy against the virus is available. Treatment consists of limited to supportive care, including mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure and/or hemodialysis in the setting of renal failure. Therapeutic modalities based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have shown clinical success in the treatment of many diseases.
24 April 2015

MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS: AN EMERGING INFECTION

ABOUT AUTHORS:
Suresh Rewar¹*, Dashrath Mirdha², Prahlad Rewar³
¹Department of pharmaceutics, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan,
²Dr. Sarvepali Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurved University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
³Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
sureshrewar1990@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
A severe viral illness caused by a newly discovered coronavirus was first reported in the Middle East in 2012. The virus has since been named the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV cases have been reported in several countries around the world in travelers from the Middle East., A substantial number of Indians live and work in Gulf countries. People from India also travel to Saudi Arabia as Pilgrims to Hajj. The illness has a high mortality rate. Limited human-to-human transmission has occurred including transmission to health care workers. The source of the virus remains unclear, but camels are a possible source. Since April 2012 and as of 20 February 2015, 1042 cases (including 419 deaths) of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have been reported by local health authorities worldwide. Laboratory confirmation of MERS-CoV infections to date has largely been by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) of lower respiratory tract specimens. Neither a vaccine nor effective therapy against the virus is available. Treatment consists of limited to supportive care, including mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure and/or hemodialysis in the setting of renal failure. Therapeutic modalities based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have shown clinical success in the treatment of many diseases.
14 April 2015

MEDICAL USES OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Mohammad Akbar Dar, Mubashir Hussain Masoodi*, Saeema Farooq
Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
akbardr297@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
A radiopharmaceutical is a preparation intended for in-vivo use that contains a radionuclide in the form of a simple salt or a complex. It may exist as a solid, liquid, gas or a pseudo gas. The chemical and physical identity and a form of a radiopharmaceutical are very important because in each case, once administered the radiopharmaceutical is intended to target certain tissues, binding sites, biochemical pathways. A radiopharmaceutical can be used for either diagnostic or therapeutic purposes depending on its specific physicochemical and radiation properties. The characteristic of radioactive decay is what makes radioisotopes useful in their medical applications; however, different applications will take advantage of radioactive emissions in different ways. Radioactive materials are regularly used to treat medical conditions, diagnosis pathology, visualize and measure physiological functions, and localize structures and pathways. This review describes both the therapeutic as well as diagnostic uses of radiopharmaceuticals.

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13 April 2015

NANOPARTICLE (NP) AS A TARGETING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM TO BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (BBB): A REVIEW

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ABOUT AUTHROS:
Bikash Debnath*, Md. JashimUddin, Debasish Maiti
State Biotech Hub, Department of Human Physiology,
Tripura University, Suryamaninagar.
*bikashrips2014@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Central nervous system (CNS) drug development will be biology driven. Due to absence of functional platform for CNS drug targeting since, the large molecules pharmaceuticals cannot be delivered to brain. About 1.5 billion people worldwide are suffering from various type of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Overcome to this problem modern pharmaceutical technology manufacturing the nonaparticles. Properly use of nonamedicines (nanoparticles) is one of the ways to control the CNS disorder in all over world. Nanoparticles are particles between 1 to 100 nm in size. Using nanotechnology it is possible to deliver the drug to the specific site of the tissue across the Blood -Brain Barrier (BBB).Various types of nanoparticle are available for treatment of CNS disorders. These are lipid based nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymer-based nanoparticles etc.
31 March 2015

A REVIEW ARTICLE: PRONIOSOMES

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Shweta Vashist*, Jyoti Kaushik, Batra K. Sunil
Department of Pharmaceutics,
Hindu College of Pharmacy, Sonipat
shwetavashist55@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Skin is the main target of topical and transdermal preparations. Major aim of transdermal drug delivery sytem is to cross the stratum corneum. Now-a-days we better know vesicles have importance in cellular communication. Niosomal carrier are systems containing soft vesicles, composed of non –ionic surfactant and an alternative to liposomes. They can entrap both hydrophilic and hydrophobic chemicals but these types of vesicles include the superior physical stability problems such as aggregation, fusion, and leakage of encapsulated drug. Proniosomes are provesicular approach which overcomes the limitations of vesicular system (Niosomes). Provesicular approach has been proposed to enhance the stability of vesicles. Proniosomes is a compact semi-solid liquid crystalline product of non- ionic surfactant easily formed on dissolving the surfactant in minimal amount of acceptable solvent and the least amount of aqueous phase. Proniosomes can be converted into niosomes in –situ by absorbing water from the skin.

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30 March 2015

BREAKTHROUGHS IN EPIGENETICS

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Shashi Shekhar Anand, Navgeet, Balraj Singh Gill*
Centre for Biosciences,
School of Basic and Applied Sciences,
Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
gillsinghbalraj@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The word ‘epigenetic’ was first coined by Conrad Waddington in 1946. It deals with functionally relevant modifications to the genome that do not include a change in the nucleotide sequence. Till date observation has focused on the functions of genome sequences and how their regulation occurs. The emerging epigenetic changes and the interactions between cis-acting elements with protein factors plays a central role in gene regulation as well as give insight to various diseases. To evaluate the crosstalk of DNA and protein by taking account of the whole genome, one new evolving technique which is called as ChIP-chip, works on the principle of combining chromatin immunoprecipitation with microarray. ChIP-chip has been recently used in basic biological studies and may be improved further and can be useful for other to aspects, like human diseases. Now a days large amount of discoveries by ChIP-chip and other high-throughput techniques like this may be connected with evolving bioinformatics to add to our knowledge of life and diseases.