Sikkim

The Sikkim Public Service Commission started functioning from 1982 with the appointment of the Chairman and deputation of the staff from the State Government. Since then, the Sikkim Public Service Commission has been entrusted with the work of conducting Union Public Service Commission examinations.

About Authors:
Purbajit Chetia*, Manash Pratim Pathak, Prerona Das
Deptt. of Pharmacology,
Himalayan Pharmacy Institute, Majhitar,
Rangpo, E- Sikkim(737132)
*purbasiv@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:
A free radical is an atom or group of atoms that contains at least one unpaired electron and can easily bond with another atom or molecule, causing a chemical reaction. Free radical is essential for body’s normal physiological functions. But when produced in excess quantities it can causes damage to the cells of the body. Human body generates pro-oxidants in the form of ROS and RNS which are effectively kept in check by the various levels of antioxidant defense. However, when it gets exposed to adverse physicochemical, environmental or pathological agents this delicately maintained balance is shifted in favor of pro-oxidants resulting in ‘oxidative stresses’. It has been implicated in the etiology of several human diseases including Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and in the process of ageing.At high concentrations, ROS can be important mediators of damage to cell structures, nucleic acids, lipids and proteins in case of the patients those who are suffering from RA. The hydroxyl radical is known to react with all components of the DNA molecule, damaging both the purine and pyrimidine bases and also the deoxyribose backbone.  Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints and tissue around the joints with infiltration of macrophages and activated T cells. The pathogenesis of this disease is linked predominantly with the formation of free radicals at the site of inflammation. The review is focusing the evidences concerning the involvement of free radicals in Rheumatoid Arthritis and their relationship to specific pathophysiological events.

About Authors:
Bishal Khatiwada^1,2, Binita Dhakal^1,2, Surya Prasad Sharma^1,2, Uddhav Timilsina¹
1. Department of Biotechnology,
College for Professional Studies, Kathmandu, Nepal
2. Department of Biotechnology,
Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
*suryapdsharma@gmail.com

Reference Id: PHARMATUTOR-ART-1310

INTRODUCTION
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which person is characterized by the high blood sugar either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not use the insulin that is produced.^[1] The classical symptoms of diabetes are polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst) and polyphagia (increased hunger).^[2] Almost one in 10 of the world population already has this condition, or can be expected to develop it during their lifetime, with prevalence rates forecast to double within the next 15 years.^[3] According to WHO(2000A.D.), at least 171 million people worldwide suffer from diabetes, or 2.8% of the population.^[4]

The Regional Centre of Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (RCIBSD) is established under the aegis of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India in order to utilize the rich bioresources including plants, animals and microbial resources of the Sikkim Himalayas through scientific interventions for economic benefit of the region.

Cipla known for its innovative pharmaceutical products backed by latest in technology and creative marketing practices, is enjoying a commanding position among the top pharma companies in the country.
Several specialised therapeutic divisions and promising new products have been launched and many more are in the pipeline.

Cipla known for its innovative pharmaceutical products backed by latest in technology and creative marketing practices, is enjoying a commanding position among the top pharma companies in the country.
Several specialised therapeutic divisions and promising new products have been launched and many more are in the pipeline.

Applications in the prescribed forms are invited for direct recruitment to the following posts by 27^th October 2011 (3^rd November 2011 in respect of applications received only BY POST from the candidates residing in Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland, Tripura, Sikkim, J&K, Lahaul & Spiti District and Pangi Sub-division of Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh, A & N Islands or Lakshadweep or abroad).

Applications in the prescribed forms are invited for direct recruitment to the following posts by 13th October 2011 (20th October 2011 in respect of applications received only BY POST from the candidates residing in Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland, Tripura, Sikkim, J&K, Lahaul & Spiti District and Pangi Sub-division of Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh, A & N Islands or Lakshadweep or abroad).