SHORT INFORMATIVE REVIEW ON SINGLE SHOT INSULIN FOR DIABETICS

About Author:
Vijay M. Waghulkar^1* (M.Pharm, D.B.M.), Dr. Supriya S. Deshpande² (M.Pharm, Ph.D), Pooja A. Kohle³(M.Sc)
*Corresponding author
1. Lecturer, Dept of Quality Assurance
Vidyabharati, College of Pharmacy, Camp, Amravati – 444601,
Maharastra, India.

2.Professor and HOD
Punjabrao Memorial Medical College of Pharmacy,
Panchvati, , Amravati – 444602,
Maharastra, India

3. Lecturer,Dept. Cosmectic Technology
Vidyabharati Mahavidyala, Camp, Amravati – 444601,
Maharastra, India.

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is caused due to deficiency in production of insulin by the pancreas, or by the ineffectiveness of the insulin producD.Diabetes mellitus often referred to as diabetes—is a condition in which the body either does not produce enough, or does not properly respond to, insulin, a hormoneproduced in the pancreas. Insulin enables cells to absorb glucose in order to turn it into energy. This causes glucose to accumulate in the blood, leading to various potential complications.

To overcome such complication Indian scientist have develop new techniques for diabetics i.e. single shot insulin which , is very essentials, blessful, create new ray of hope to the patients of diabetics ,give relief upto 120 days.

REFERENCE ID: PHARMATUTOR-ART-1145

Introduction
Diabetes mellitus is one of the main threats to human health in 21st century. It is one of the most common non communicable diseases globally and is fifth leading cause of death. With the rising trend in the prevalence of diabetes it is estimated that by the year 2025 the number of diabetic persons in India will be 57.2 millions. According to WHO report in India the annual cost of care was Rs. 2400.00 for patients treated with oral hypoglycemic agents to Rs. 12000.00 for patients taking insulin. Diabetes can affect nearly every organ in the body. It causes blindness, end stage renal diseases, lower extremity amputation, ischemic heart diseases, peripheral vascular diseases and neuropathy. It is a global problem and number of those affected is increasing day by day.

Diabetes mellitus is caused due to deficiency in production of insulin by the pancreas, or by the ineffectiveness of the insulin producD.Diabetes mellitus often referred to as diabetes—is a condition in which the body either does not produce enough, or does not properly respond to, insulin, a hormoneproduced in the pancreas. Insulin enables cells to absorb glucose in order to turn it into energy. This causes glucose to accumulate in the blood, leading to various potential complications.

Many types of diabetes are recognized: The principal three are:

Type 1:Results from the body's failure to produce insulin. It is estimated that 5–10% of Americans who are diagnosed with diabetes have type 1 diabetes. Presently most persons with type 1 diabetes take insulin injections.
Type 2:Results from insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to use insulin properly, sometimes combined with absolute insulin deficiency. Most Americans who are diagnosed with diabetes have type 2 diabetes.
Gestational diabetes:Pregnant women who have never had diabetes before but who have high blood sugar (glucose) levels during pregnancy are said to have gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes affects about 4% of all pregnant women. It may precede development of type 2 (or rarely type 1) DM.

Other forms of diabetes mellitus are categorized separately from these. Examples include congenital diabetes due to genetic defects of insulin secretion, cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, steroid diabetes induced by high doses of glucocorticoids, and several forms of monogenic diabetes.

A team of scientists of the National Immunology Institute of India, have developed a fresh approach to insulin injection wherein 'Supramolecular Insulin Assembly-II (SIA-II)', a form of the hormone, is used for a sustained treatment of diabetes mellitus type-I,Such noval formulation which give its action from 60-120 days, which is consider as new ray of hope for diabetics.

SIA-II, which is in the form of a prodrug, when injected releases just above basal levels of insulin into the blood in a sustained manner, Surolia said. A prodrug is a chemical that undergoes changes in the body into a more active material.

This just above basal level of insulin is adequate to tackle the increase in blood glucose levels after meals and does not cause severe hypoglycemia, a low sugar condition, in the morning, a dreadful condition faced by diabetics.

SIA-II upon injection forms a depot at the site, from where insulin monomers are released which act on the body's cells to regulate uptake of glucose for months after a single injection.

The technique is being seen as one with tremendous therapeutic potential and constitutes a new way of treatment for diabetic patients.

02. MODE OF ACTION
SIA-IIupon injection forms a depot at the site, fromWhere insulin on monomers are released which act on the body's cells to regulate uptake of glucose for Months after a single injection.

FIGURE 01-SINGLE SHOT INSULIN

03. ADVANTAGES
1. As compare to conventional dosage form its reduces dosages frequency.

2.Less needle phobias relief from the trauma of pricking oneself daily.

3.It also does not causes ever hypoglycemia in the morning dreadful condition faced by diabetics.

4.The drug counters bad effects of diabetes such as It also does not cause severe hypoglycemia in the Cataract and kidney failure.

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04. FUTURE SCOPE
1.NII scientists have patented the technology and transferred itTo a US company which will conduct clinical trials on humans For toxicity.

2.It will take another 4-6 years for the insulin shot to reach themarket.

05. OUT COME
This techniques is very essentials, blessful, create new ray of hope to the patients of diabetics .

06. PRESENT SENERIO
1.SIA-II was successfully tested on rats which demonstratedLower blood glucose levels to normal values upto120days.

2.The research took three years ,at a cost over Rs.20 lakh andThe findings have already been licensed to an American company, which will test new form of insulin in humans.

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