About Authors:
Saritha.A.Surendran*, Asa Samuel
*St. James College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Chalakudy, Kerala
*sarithaasurendran@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Analgesics are the drug that selectively relieves pain by acting in the CNS or peripheral pain mechanism without significantly altering consciousness. They are classified into centrally acting analgesics and peripherally acting analgesics. Embelia ribes seeds was collected and extracted by continous hot percolation process using ethanol. Phytochemical analysis of the extract was preformed, screened and compared the analgesic activity of the extract with Pentazocine. Animal treated with ethanolic extract of Embelia ribes was showed an increased reaction time compared to control group. Ethanolic extract was showed significant reduction in algesia when compared with pentazocin.
Reference Id: PHARMATUTOR-ART-1624
INTRODUCTION
Herbal medicine has become an integral part of standard health based on combination of traditional usage and ongoing scientific research. Plants having the medicinal values. These are gift of nature of mankind to face different type of diseases. These days plant based pharmaceutical are developing and these has been a global resurgence of interest in these drugs
Algesia (pain) is an ill defined, unpleasant sensation, usually evoked by an external or internal noxious stimulus. Excessive pain unbearable and cause other effects sinking sensation arise or fall in BP, tachypnoea, sweating, nausea, palpitation.
Analgesics are the drug that selectively relieves pain by acting in the CNS or peripheral pain mechanism without significantly altering consciousness.
Analgesics relieve pain as a symptom, without affecting cause.
Analgesics are classified into centrally acting analgesics and peripherally acting analgesics.
Centrally acting analgesics: - Agents that selectively actives pain by acting in the central nervous systems
• Opioid analgesics
Phenanthrene derivatives – Morphine,Codeine,Thebaine
Benzoisoquinoline derivatives – Papaverine, Noscapine
• Complex action opioids and opioid antagonists
Agonist – antagonists – Nalorphine, Pentazocine
Partial /weak µ agonists – Buprenorphine
Pure antagonists – Naloxone, Naltrexone, Nalmefene
Peripherally acting analgesics: - Drug that selectively retrieves pain by acting on peripheral mechanism, without significantly altering consciousness.
• NSAIDS – Aspirin, Phenyl butazone, Indomethacin, Ibuprofen, Mephanamic acid
Plant Embelia ribes(Vidanga )has been traditionally used for its anthelmintic, antifertility, activity. Analgesic activity of the dried seeds of Embelia ribes was estimatd and compared.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
Embelia ribes (black vidang), Embelia robusta (red vidang)
NOW YOU CAN ALSO PUBLISH YOUR ARTICLE ONLINE.
SUBMIT YOUR ARTICLE/PROJECT AT articles@pharmatutor.org
Subscribe to Pharmatutor Alerts by Email
FIND OUT MORE ARTICLES AT OUR DATABASE
Methods
I. Phytochemical studies of the plant Embelia ribes
a) Collection of the plant material
* Seeds of Embelia ribes were collected from different areas of kerala, cleaned thoroughly with distilled water and dried under shade, pulverized in mechanical grinder to obtain coarse powder
b) Extraction
* Soxhlet extraction or continous hot percolation process
* Ethanolic extraction
Dried powder material was taken in soxhlet apparatus and extracted for 5 days and extract was taken and was concentrate. Remaining solution was collected to remove solvent. Residue was collected and stored.
II. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of Embelia ribes
* Test for alkaloids
* Identification tests
1. Mixture of ethereal extract of Vidang powder
- With aqueous sodium hydroxide – deep violet colour in aqueous layer
- With dilute ammonia – bluish violet precipitate
2. Alcoholic extract of drug with lead acetate solution – green precipitate
3. Alcoholic extract of drug with ferric chloride – reddish brown precipitate
III. Pharmacological evaluation
To evaluate the pharmacological activity – analgesic effect
Animal - Swiss albino mice (25 – 30gm)
Chemicals & Drug used – Pentazocine
Methods - Analgesic activity
• Experimental design
Group 1 – control 1% CMC 1 ml/kg
Group 2 – pentazocin 10mg/kg
Group 3 – test group - ethanolic extract -150 mg/kg orally
Group 4 – test group - ethanolic extract – 300 mg/kg orally
• Eddy’s hot plate
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Phytochemical investigation
Preliminary phytochemical tests were carried out with plant extract of Embelia ribes fruits for the detection of constituents. Alkaloids gave the positive result.
Analgesic effect of extract
Animal treated with ethanolic extract of Embelia ribes increased the reaction time significantly (p<0.001) compared to control group. Pentazocines treated were significantly increased the reaction time and effect was prolonged to upto 2hr. Ethanolic extract was showed significant reduction in algesia when compared with pentazocin
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Phytochemical analysis was performed on the extract showed the presence of alkaloids. The extract was studied for analgesic activity the doses of 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg which confirmed its analgesic activity. The result suggested that ethanolic extract of Embelia ribes possessed analgesic activity in mice.
REFERENCES
• Rang H.P, Ritter, J.M, Dale M.M, Pharmacology, Churchill living stone, New York, 1999, third edition, 386 – 388
• Kokate.C.K, Practical Pharmacognosy, Vallabha prakashan New Delhi, , 1999, fourth edition, 6 – 40
• Nandakumar Jha, Dr.T.K.Pandey, Phytopharm, January 2008, 9, (1), 3
• Mohibkhan, M.S.Shingare, R. Zafar, D.Ramesh, A.R.Sidhiqui, Indian Journal of Natural products, March 2006, 12, 20 -21
• Jagtap A.G, Feenandes B.B, Indian drugs, August 2008, 8, 649 -653
NOW YOU CAN ALSO PUBLISH YOUR ARTICLE ONLINE.
SUBMIT YOUR ARTICLE/PROJECT AT articles@pharmatutor.org
Subscribe to Pharmatutor Alerts by Email
FIND OUT MORE ARTICLES AT OUR DATABASE
.png)
