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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Chetan A. Prajapati*, Bhavik S. Patel, R.Badmanaban
Department of Quality Assurance, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College,
Mehsana, Gujarat, India
*prajapatichetan25@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
A novel, precise, accurate and economic high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was developed, optimized and validated for simultaneous determination of Sildenafil Citrate and Dapoxetine Hydrochloride. The chromatographic separation was performed on precoated silica gel 60 GF254 plate with hexane: methanol: diethyl amine 9.2:1.6:1.2 (v/v/v) as mobile phase. The plate was developed to distance of 8.0 cm at ambient temperature. The developed plate was scanned and quantified at their single selected wavelength of 241 nm for Sildenafil Citrate and Dapoxetine Hydrochloride. Experimental conditions such as band size, chamber saturation time, migration time of solvent front, etc. were critically studied and the optimum condition were selected. The drugs were satisfactorily resolved with RF 0.21 ± 0.02 for Sildenafil Citrate and 0.72 ± 0.02 for Dapoxetine Hydrochloride. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, and specificity. The calibration plot was linear between 2000–12000 ng per spot for Sildenafil Citrate and 1200–7200 ng per spot for Dapoxetine Hydrochloride. The limits of detection for Sildenafil Citrate and Dapoxetine Hydrochloride were 210 and 75ng per spot respectively and limit of quantification for Sildenafil Citrate and Dapoxetine Hydrochloride were 450 and 240ng per spot respectively. It is a user-friendly and important tool for analysis of combined fixed dosage forms. Methods were validated statistically and recovery studies were carried out. The method herein described can be employed for quality control and routine analysis of drugs inpharmaceutical formulations.
REFERENCE ID: PHARMATUTOR-ART-2259
INTRODUCTION
Sildenafil Citrate(SIL) is chemically N1-[[3-(6, 7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1Hpyrazolo [4, 3-d] pyrimidin-5-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl]sulfonyl]-4-methylpiperazine citrate[1](Figure 1) is a well-known phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor[2]. It is official in Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP)[3], United State Pharmacopoeia (USP). IP and USP describe liquid chromatography method for its estimation[4-5]. Literature survey reveals UV[6-8], HPLC[9-12], HPTLC[13-17] methods for estimation of SIL alone. Literature survey also reveals HPLCmethods for determination of SIL with other drugs in combination. Dapoxetine Hydrochloride (DPX) is chemically (+)(S)-N,N-dimethyl-a-[2-(1-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl]-benzenemethanamine hydrochloride[18-20](Figure 2). Dapoxetine Hydrochloride (DPX) is not official in any Pharmacopoeia. Literature survey reveals HPLC[21-22] methods for determination of DPX alone. The combination of these two drugs is not official in any pharmacopoeia; hence no any official method is available for the simultaneous estimation of SIL and DPX in their combined synthetic mixture or dosage forms. Literature survey reveal only simultaneous method UV and HPLC for SIL and DPX in synthetic mixture or combined dosage forms. The present communication describes simple, sensitive, rapid, accurate, precise and cost effective chromatographic method.
EXPERIMENTS
Apparatus
Chromatographic separation of drugs was performed on Merck TLC plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 (20×20 cm, with 250μmlayer thickness). The samples were applied onto the plates as a band with 6 mm width using Desaga 100 μl sample syringe (Hamilton, Switzerland) with an AS-30win sample applicator (Desaga, Switzerland). Linear ascending development was carried out in a twin trough glass chamber (200x100). Densitometric scanning was performed using Densitometer CD-60 TLC scanner (Proquant) in the range of 254- 366 nm and operated by proquant software (Desaga).
Reagents and materials
Working standards of SIL and DPX were procured as gift sample from Emcure pharmaceutical, pune, India. Silica gel 60F254 TLC plate (20×20 cm, layer thickness 0.2 mm, Merck, Mumbai) was used as a stationary phase. All chemicals and reagent used were of analytical grade. Tablet containing SIL (100mg) and DPX (60mg) were procured from local pharmacy store (Olmesar-AV, Macleod Pharma).
Chromatographic conditions
Chromatography was performed on 10 cm × 10 cm precoated silica gel 60 F254 plate. Mixture of standard and sample solutions of SIL and DPX (5.0μl) were applied to the plates as 6-mm bands, 10 mm from X-coordinate and 10 mm from Y-coordinate by use of a DESAGA Sample applicator fitted with a 100-μL syringe. The constant application rate was 5s/μl and a nitrogen aspirator was used. Plates were developed with Hexane-Methanol-Diethyl amine (9.2:1.6:1.2 v/v/v) as mobile phase. Linear ascending development was performed in a 10 cm × 10 cm chromatography glass chamber previously equilibrated with mobile phase vapor for 20 min at room temperature (the optimum chamber-saturation conditions). The development distance was 80 mm (Approximately 12ml mobile phase was used for each development, which required 15 min). After development the plates were dried at room temperature. Densitometric scanning was performed with a DESAGA densitometer in reflectance mode at the wavelengths of 241 nm for SIL and for DPX. The slit height 0.40 mm and width 0.10 mm, and the scanning rate were 20 mm/s. The source of radiation used was the deuterium lamp. Evaluation was done by linear regression of peak area response against amount of drug. Proquant software was used for peak-area measurement and data processing
Selection of detection wavelength
After chromatographic development bands were scanned over the range of 200-300 nm and the spectra were overlain. It was observed that both drugs showed considerable absorbance at close to 200 nm and 300nm. While selecting wavelength for measurement using multiple wavelengths the base line showed better at 241 nm. So, this was selected for quantitation as shown in Figure 3.
Standard Preparation
10 mg of SIL reference substance were accurately weighed and transferred to 10 ml volumetric flask.10 mg of DPX reference substance were accurately weighed and transferred to another 10 ml volumetric flask The powder was dissolved in 5 ml methanol with vigorous shaking and diluted up to 10 ml with same solvent to furnish concentration of 1000 μg ml-1 SIL and 1000 μgml-1 DPX. Take 4 ml from SIL volumetric flask and 2.4 ml from the DPX volumetric flask in 10ml volumetric flask diluted with methanol to 10 ml to furnish concentration of 400 μg ml-1 and 240 μg ml-1. This solution was utilized to prepare the solution for linearity range(fig. 4)
Preparation of Tablet Formulation
Twenty tablets for SIL and DPX were weighed and ground to a fine powder separately 1:0.6 ratio of label claim quantity of powder equivalent to 100 mg SIL and 60 mg DPX were weighed, mixed and transferred to a 100 ml volumetric flask. The powder was sonicated to dissolve in 60 ml methanol and diluted up to mark with methanol. The solution was filtered through Whatman filter paper No. 41 then 4 ml of the filtered solution was diluted to 10ml with the same solvent to furnish a solution containing 400μg ml-1 and 240 μg ml-1 SIL and DPX respectively(fig. 5)(Table-1)
Method Validation[23-26],
The method was validated by establishing linearity, accuracy, inter day and intra day precision of measurement and repeatability of sample application, robustness and ruggedness. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were also determined.
Linearity and Range
The linearity of an analytical procedure is its ability (within a given range) to obtain test results which are directly proportional to the concentration (amount) of analyte in the sample. Linearity was studied by analyzing six concentrations of the drug, and process was repeated for five times each. It was done over the concentration range of 2000-12000ng/spot for SIL and 1200-7200ng/spot for DPX.The calibration curves were constructed by plotting peak areas versus concentrations.
Precision
Intra-day precision
Intra day precision was found by carrying out the analysis of standard drugs at three different concentrations in the linearity range of the drugs for three times on the same day. Each concentration was applied in triplicates and % RSD was calculated.
Inter- day precision
Inter day precision was found by carrying out the analysis of the standard drugs at three different concentrations in the linearity range of the drugs for three days and % RSD was calculated
Repeatability
Repeatability of sample application
Repeatability of sample application was assumed by spotting 400 ng/ml of drug solution, 6 times on TLC plate followed by development of plate and recording the peak area for 6 spots and % RSD was calculated.
Repeatability of measurement
The repeatability of measurement of peak area was determined by spotting standard drug solution on TLC plate and developing the plate. The spot was scanned 6 times without changing the position of the peak and % RSD was calculated.
Accuracy
The accuracy of the method was determined by calculating recovery of SIL and DPX by the standard addition method. Known amounts of standard solutions of SIL were added to pre quantified sample solutions of DPX. Known amounts of standard solutions of DPX were added to pre quantified sample solutions of SIL. The amounts of SIL and DPX were estimated by applying obtained values to the regression equation of the calibration curve.
Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantification (LOD &LOQ)
The sensitivity of measurements of atorvastatin and amlodipine by the use of the proposed method was estimated in terms of the Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) and Limit of Detection (LOD). These were calculated by the use equation LOD = 3.3 x N/B and LOQ = 10 x N/B, where ‘N’ is standard deviation of the peak areas of the drugs (n = 3), taken as a measure of noise, and ‘B’ is the slope of the corresponding calibration plot.
Standard and sample solution stability
Stability studies were also carried out by keeping the standard and sample solution prepared at room temperature for several hours and was spotted every time on a fresh plate. After development and scanning the plates were observed for change in peak areas and appearance of additional peaks. The RSD was calculated Additional peaks. The RSD was calculated.
Method Robustness
The robustness of an analytical procedure is a measure of its capacity to remain unaffected by small, but deliberate variations in method parameters and provides an indication of its reliability during normal usage. Robustness of the method was determined by small deliberate changes in mobile phase composition (± 2%), chamber saturation period (± 10%), and development distance (± 10%). The time from spotting to chromatography and from chromatography to scanning was varied from 10 min. When very small changes were made to the method conditions there were no marked changes in chromatographic behavior and content of the drug, % RSD was calculated.
Method Ruggedness
Ruggedness test was determined between two different analysts and instruments. The value of Percentage RSD was calculated.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
Linearity
Linearity and Range
The plate was developed, dried and scanned as represented 3D overlay chromatogram in Figure 6&7.The linear regression data showed a good linear relationship over a concentration range of 2000-12000 ng/spot for SIL(fig.8) and 1200-7200ng/spot for DPX(fig.9).The slope, intercept and correlation coefficient values of SIL were found to be 0.255, 1039, and 0.9990 respectively and 0.343, 389 and 0.9994 respectively for DPX. The results are shown in table 2.
Precision
Precision was calculated as interday and intraday variations. The RSD (Relative Standard Deviation) was found to be not more than 2 % for both intraday and Interday precision (Table 3).
Repeatability
The repeatability showed excellent % RSD less than 0.6 after six applications (Table 4).
Accuracy
The percentage recovery for SIL was found to be 98.45 (at 50%), 98.65 (at 100%) and 99.03 (at 120%) with % RSD values ranging from 0.114 to 0.117 and 100.00 (at 50%), 98.93 (at 100%) and 98.32(at 120%) for DPX with % RSD values ranging from 0.100 to 0.124 (Table 5).
Method Precision (% Repeatability)
The RSD values for SIL and DPX were found to be 0.63% and 0.69%respectively . The RSD values were found to be <2 %, which indicates that the proposed method is repeatable.
LOD and LOQ
LOD values for SIL and DPX were found to be 210ng/spotand 75ng/spot, respectively and LOQ values for SIL and DPX were found to be 450ng/spotand 240ng/spot, respectively (Table 5). These data show that the proposed method is sensitive for the determination of SIL and DPX.
Standard and sample solution stability
Analyte should not decompose during development of the chromatogram and should be stable in solution as well as the solvent. The RSD was found below 2%. It was observed that the plates were stable up to 2 hours (Table 6).
Robustness
There were no significant changes in Rf and peak areas, which demonstrated that the developed HPTLC method is robust.
Ruggedness
The value of percentage RSD was below 2.0%, showed ruggedness of developed analytical method.
CONCLUSION:
This study described a simple, selective and reliable HPTLC procedure for the simultaneous determination of Sildenafil Citrate and Dapoxetine Hydrochloride. Very few reports can be found for the analysis of this recently introduced pharmaceutical mixture. Reviewing the literature exposed that there were no reports for the application of a TLC-based method for the assay of this mixture. Obviously, the described HPTLC method offers selectivity advantage over the previously published spectrophotometric and HPLC method. Moreover, the proposed method does not require elaborate treatment or sophisticated experimental setup usually associated with HPLC methods of analysis. The HPTLC method uses a minimal volume of solvents and is suitable for use in quality control laboratories where economy and time are essential. Reliability was guaranteed by testing various validation parameters of the proposed method and successful application to laboratory prepared tablets without interference from commonly encountered dosage form additives. Finally, the proposed method was found accurate and precise; hence, it can be recommended for the routine analysis of the studied drugs either in bulk form or in their combined tablet dosage forms.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors are thankful to Emcure Pharmaceuticals, Pune, India for providing gift sample of SIL and DPX for carry out the research work.
Fig. 1: Chemical structure of Sildenafil Citrate
Fig. 2: Chemical structure of Dapoxetine Hydrochloride.
Fig 3: Selection of wavelength for measurement
Fig: 4Chromatogram of SIL (10,000ng/band) and DPX (6000ng/band) standard with Rf of 0.21 and 0.72, respectively
Fig. 5: Chromatogram of SIL (6000 ng/band) and DPX (3600ng/band) Sample solution with Rf of 0.21 and 0.72, respectively
Fig. 6: TLC separation Plate
Fig. 7: 3D Overlay chromatogram of SIL and DPX
Fig.8:Calibration Curve of SIL at 241 nm
Fig .9: Calibration Curve of DPX at 241 nm
Table 1 Analysis of Formulation (n = 6)
|
Sample No. |
Label Claim |
Amount Found |
% Label Claim |
|||
|
SIL (mg) |
DPX (mg) |
SIL (mg) |
DPX (mg) |
SIL (%) |
DPX (%) |
|
|
1 |
50 |
30 |
49.84 |
30.03 |
99.68 |
100.11 |
|
2 |
50 |
30 |
49.94 |
29.79 |
99.87 |
99.29 |
|
3 |
50 |
30 |
49.03 |
29.65 |
98.05 |
98.84 |
|
4 |
50 |
30 |
49.25 |
29.65 |
98.49 |
98.82 |
|
5 |
50 |
30 |
49.06 |
29.41 |
98.12 |
98.03 |
|
6 |
50 |
30 |
49.46 |
29.70 |
98.92 |
99.01 |
|
Mean |
49.43 |
29.71 |
98.84 |
99.02 |
||
|
S.D. |
0.36 |
0.34 |
0.77 |
0.68 |
||
(n = no. of replicates, S.D. = standard deviation, RSD = relative standard deviation)
Table 2 Regression Analysis Data of SIL and DPX for proposed Method
|
Parameters |
HPTLC method |
|
|
SIL |
DPX |
|
|
Detection wavelength(nm) |
241 |
241 |
|
Concentration range (ng/spot) |
2000-12000 ng/spot |
1200-7200ng/spot |
|
Regression equation Y= mX + c |
y = 0.255x + 1039 |
y = 0.343x + 389.0 |
|
Correlation coefficient |
0.9990 |
0.9994 |
|
Slope |
0.255 |
0.343 |
|
Intercept |
1039 |
389 |
|
LOD(ng/spot) |
210 |
75 |
|
LOQ(ng/spot) |
450 |
240 |
Table 3 Intra-day and Inter-day precision(n = 3)
|
Drug |
Conc. (ng/spot) |
Intra-day precision |
Inter-day precision |
|||
|
Mean ± SD |
% RSD |
Mean ± SD |
% RSD |
|||
|
SIL |
2000 |
1543±10.40 |
0.66 |
1567±15.64
|
0.99 |
|
|
4000 |
2052±17.45 |
0.84 |
2008±23.21
|
1.16 |
||
|
6000 |
2631±24.83 |
0.94 |
2613±30.64 |
1.17 |
||
|
DPX |
1200 |
751±6.69 |
0.89 |
759±10.67
|
1.40 |
|
|
2400 |
1251±12.57 |
1.00 |
1216±19.29
|
1.58 |
||
|
3600 |
1631±20.04 |
1.02 |
1598±22.48 |
1.45 |
||
(n = no. of replicates, S.D. = standard deviation, RSD = relative standard deviation)
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Table 4Repeatability of Sample Application (n = 6)
|
Sr. No |
Peak Area |
|||
|
|
SIL (6000ng/spot) |
DPX (3600ng/spot) |
||
|
Std. |
Sample |
|||
|
1 |
2615 |
2746 |
1645 |
1650 |
|
2 |
2618 |
2778 |
1620 |
1655 |
|
3 |
2595 |
2730 |
1625 |
1670 |
|
4 |
2598 |
2735 |
1632 |
1630 |
|
5 |
2630 |
2770 |
1627 |
1660 |
|
6 |
2625 |
2756 |
1640 |
1630 |
|
Mean |
2613.5 |
2752.5 |
1631.5 |
1649.1 |
|
SD |
12.97 |
17.43 |
8.65 |
14.81 |
|
%RSD |
0.49 |
0.63 |
0.53 |
0.89 |
(n = no. of replicates, S.D. = standard deviation, RSD = relative standard deviation)
Table 5 Recovery Data for the proposed Method (n = 3)
|
Drug |
Level |
Amount of sample taken (ng/spot) |
Amount of standard spiked (%) |
Mean% Recovery ± SD |
|
SIL |
I |
4000 |
80 % |
98.45± 0.66 |
|
II |
4000 |
100 % |
98.65 ± 0.90 |
|
|
III |
4000 |
120 % |
99.03 ± 0.80 |
|
|
DPX |
I |
2400 |
80 % |
100.00± 1.87 |
|
II |
2400 |
100 % |
98.93 ± 0.74 |
|
|
III |
2400 |
120 % |
98.32 ± 0.99 |
Table 6 Recovery Data for the proposed Method(n = 3)
|
PharmaTutor (ISSN: 2347 - 7881) Volume 2, Issue 10 Received On: 04/08/2014; Accepted On: 13/08/2014; Published On: 01/10/2014How to cite this article: CA Prajapati, BS Patel, R Badmanaban; Development and Validation of HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Sildenafil Citrate and Dapoxetine Hydrochloride in Combined Dosage Form; PharmaTutor; 2014; 2(10); 142-152 |
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